Integrated IoT Platform with Web Interface for Wireless Health Monitoring and Battery Energy Management

Abstract

Battery energy storage (BES) systems are vital in the enhancement of sustainability, performance and reliability in today’s power systems particularly for Backup Power Systems (BES), electric vehicles (EV) and for requiring renewable energy integration. This paper presents the development/evaluation of an ESP32-based smart battery energy storage and health monitoring system with remote access and real time monitoring capabilities. The proposed system uses the appropriate sensors and data collection/monitoring methods to provide continuous monitoring of critical battery parameters i.e. Voltage, Current, Temperature and State of Charge (SOC). The results of experiments proved the system operated as expected under the following parameters: A safe working voltage range for the batteries was maintained (12.1–12.8 V) the maximum allowed charging rate of the batteries was approximately +5 A; overcharging and discharging current rates were managed within acceptable limits. Additionally, accurate tracking of SOC confirmed that energy estimates were reliable, with remarkably consistent and almost linear fluctuations of approximately 5% to 7% during the regulated charging/discharge cycles. The system also identified risk factors such as Deep Discharge (below 40% SOC), Overcharging (above 85% to 90% SOC) and Excessive Rise in Temperature (above 45°C); therefore, the system enabled prompt preventive action to mitigate potential battery deterioration and failure. Due to the low power consumption, built-in Wi-Fi capability and cost-effectiveness of the ESP32, the system is suitable for scalable and remote deployment.