Quality of Life and Menopause-Associated Risk Factors among Middle-Aged Women in West Java

Abstract

Menopause is a natural biological transition that may substantially influence women's physical, psychological, and social well-being. This study examined quality of life and factors associated with menopause among middle-aged women in West Java, Indonesia. An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted involving 210 women aged 45–60 years who were perimenopausal or postmenopausal. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire incorporating the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) instrument, along with assessments of sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, health conditions, sleep quality, and stress levels. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression (p < 0.05). Most participants reported moderate to poor quality of life, with the physical domain recording the highest mean score (4.87 ± 1.34). Poor quality of life was significantly associated with obesity (p = 0.002), low physical activity (p = 0.001), chronic disease (p = 0.000), poor sleep quality (p = 0.000), high stress levels (p = 0.000), and cigarette smoke exposure (p = 0.031). Multivariate analysis identified high stress as the strongest predictor of poor quality of life (AOR = 4.27; 95% CI: 2.11–8.65), followed by poor sleep quality (AOR = 3.84; 95% CI: 1.92–7.68). These findings indicate that menopause-related quality of life is influenced by multidimensional factors, particularly psychological and lifestyle determinants. Comprehensive and culturally sensitive interventions are needed to promote well-being and healthy aging among menopausal women.