Weight-Management Services for Patients With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Canada: A Survey of Nephrologists
TL;DR
The nephrology community would benefit from weight-management services that reduce morbidity and improve transplant access for patients with CKD, yet there are gaps in management.
Abstract
Background: Obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) often coexist and compound the risk of adverse health outcomes including dysglycemia and accelerated CKD progression. Obesity also limits access to kidney transplantation. The objectives of this study were to (1) understand current weight-management practices in CKD centres across Canada and (2) describe the availability of weight-management services nationwide. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, quantitative, online survey of English-speaking nephrologists practicing in Canada in 2025. The 23-question survey was developed based on a literature review and the content expertise of investigators. It was reviewed by nephrologists to ensure clarity, appropriateness, and ease of completion. Survey questions focused on the availability of dietitian services, exercise supports, behavioural counselling, weight-management consultations, and use of weight-loss medications in kidney outpatient clinics and dialysis units (including hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis). The survey was administered via Qualtrics and distributed through the Canadian Society of Nephrology to nephrologists who care for patients with advanced CKD. Results: Between April 7 and June 12, 2025, 56 valid and complete responses were received, an estimated 15% response rate. Respondents primarily practised in Ontario (36%), Quebec (20%), British Columbia (18%), and Alberta (14%), with fewer respondents from the Territories and Atlantic provinces. Clinicians reported initiating weight-management discussions with patients when they felt obesity was contributing to poor health or impacting eligibility for transplant. While almost all nephrologists reported having access to a dietitian, over 60% were uncertain about the specific role of the dietitian in weight management. Gaps in the availability and coordination of behavioural coaching, physiotherapy, and exercise services were frequently cited. Over 60% of nephrologists reported prescribing weight-loss medications despite limited evidence supporting their efficacy and safety in patients with advanced CKD. Conclusions: Weight management is a recognized health priority in patients with advanced CKD, yet there are gaps in management. The nephrology community would benefit from weight-management services that reduce morbidity and improve transplant access for patients with CKD.