Traditional use of medicinal plants for the treatment of prevalent diseases in afro-descendant communities of southwestern Colombia

Abstract

Traditional plant-based medicine constitutes a central pillar of community care in Afro-descendant populations of southwestern Colombia, especially in territories marked by structural inequalities and limited access to formal health services. However, gaps remain in the systematic documentation of these practices, particularly regarding their diversity, perceived effectiveness, and cultural value. This study aimed to characterize the traditional use of medicinal plants in six municipalities of Cauca (Guachené, Corinto, Caloto, Santander de Quilichao, Guapi, and Timbiquí) through a qualitative and participatory ethnobotanical approach. Through semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and botanical collection, knowledge associated with the species used, their therapeutic applications, and preparation methods was identified. The relative use value index (UR) was used to determine the cultural relevance of each plant in the different territories. Among the recorded species, Dysphania ambrosioides, Peumus boldus, Moringa oleifera, Eucalyptus sp., and Solanum americanum stood out. These species were mainly associated with the treatment of respiratory, digestive, and skin diseases. Beyond their therapeutic function, these plants play a key role in the transmission of knowledge, cultural identity, and local sustainability. This work represents the most comprehensive report to date on Afro-descendant ethnomedicine in southwestern Colombia and offers valuable input for intercultural health policies and biocultural conservation. The findings highlight the urgency of recognizing and safeguarding these knowledge systems as pillars of community resilience and health sovereignty.