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small language model

2,746 papers

#small language model Preprint Oct 2026

From Delivery to Stateful Exploration: Rethinking the Index for Agentic Search

IndexAct is proposed, an interface for Index-Native Corpus Interaction that separates candidate-set refinement from text inspection, and achieves higher evidence coverage with a smaller average live context than terminal-based corpus interfaces, and maintains answer accuracy as the corpus expands.

Deogyong Kim, Sunghwan Kim, Sangam Lee et al. · 0 citations
#explainable ai Preprint Oct 2026

BARE-AI: Bit-Flip Attack Resilience in AI Hardware through Built-in Performance Monitors

BARE-AI, a runtime framework that detects, localizes, and mitigates BFAs during inference, and introduces AI Performance Counters, lightweight hardware monitors in the accelerator datapath that capture per-layer activation statistics such as sparsity, entropy, kurtosis, and spectral shift.

Habibur Rahaman, Swastik Bhattacharya, Sanjay Das et al. · 0 citations

When the Commons Appropriates a Large Language Model: How WikiVault Reshaped Korean Wikipedia

Large Language Models (LLMs) have disrupted the balance between content production and quality assurance that sustains knowledge commons, leading many to prohibit or restrict their use. But what happens when a community instead appropriates an LLM-powered tool for its own needs? We investigate this question through Wik...

Inhwa Song, Sohyeon Hwang, Teddi Yoo et al. · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Oct 2026

The Failure Is in the Readout: Fine-Grained Emotion Recognition Benchmarks Measure Elicitation, Not Perception

Fine-grained emotion recognition supports therapy tools and social robots, but it needs facial data, which raises privacy and data-protection concerns. EmoNet-Face-HQ answers that with generated portraits, expert-rated over a $40$-category taxonomy far finer than the usual six to eight basic emotions. Under the protoco...

T. Hallmen, Fabian Deuser, Robin-Nico Kampa et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Natural Language Questions as an Interface for Knowledge Graphs: QRAKEN Graph Distillation and Semantic Self-Healing

Natural-language access to RDF knowledge graphs is a core Semantic Web ambition. Large language models (LLMs) have advanced Text-to-SPARQL, yet on unfamiliar graphs they often generate valid queries that misrepresent the populated data model. QRAKEN is a training-free, ontology-agnostic neurosymbolic pipeline grounding...

Remo Grillo, L. Klic, Giovanni Colavizza · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

POLAR: Ontology-Guided Risk Prevention for Tool-Calling LLM Agents

LLM tool-use agents operate in dynamic environments where many actions carry operational risk. However, most safety mechanisms react only after errors manifest. Existing pre-emptive approaches either fine-tune the agent on chain-of-thought deliberation or compile natural-language guardrails into runtime checks, but the...

Yun-Ju Kang, Seonghyeon Cho, Irene Li et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Incidental information contaminates patient notes and disrupts clinical reasoning in large language models

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly relied upon to support ambient documentation and clinical reasoning. Here we examine the impact of a failure mode shared between these two applications by assessing their sensitivity to information incidental to the patient encounter. In 576 patient-clinician dialogues, we...

K. Vishwanath, Brandon Ye, A. Alyakin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Wiki-Talkie: Multilingual Benchmarking of Persona-Based Agents on Real-World Discussions

LLMs are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents in social environments, making it critical to study their ability to faithfully simulate human interactions. Central to this is grounding agents in realistic user personas, yet existing datasets rely on fictional personas and are limited to a handful of languages, lac...

Dennis Fucci, Andrea Bacciu, Dong Liu et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Are Language Models Script-Aware?

Language models frequently generate outputs in unintended languages or scripts, a phenomenon known as off-target generation. While existing research has focused on language selection, the dimension of script knowledge remains understudied: before any linguistic understanding can occur, users must recognize the graphic...

David Kletz, Sandra Mitrovic, Ljiljana Dolamic et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Quality-Aware Self-Correcting Speech Translation on an Edge Device

We present a fully offline speech-to-speech translation pipeline that runs on a Jetson Nano (4 GB) and corrects its own weak translations without retraining. A Whisper-tiny ASR feeds an Opus-MT translator; multilingual BERT cosine similarity acts as a Quality Estimation (QE) gate, triggering a secondary-pass correction...

Z. Farooq, Diptesh Kanojia · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2026

Turnslide: Scalable Multi-Turn Data Synthesis by Walking a Finite-State Machine

Small language models are inexpensive to serve and can run on private infrastructure, but base models are often not good enough at multi-turn tool calling, and fine-tuning them needs per-API data that rarely exists. Existing synthesis methods are too expensive for high-scale fine-tuning, as they often require mock oper...

Aaron Fainman, Gabriela Kadlecová, Maciej Gryka et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Secure Speculative Decoding for Large Language Models

Speculative decoding accelerates inference for a large language model (LLM), referred to as the \emph{target model}, by first using a smaller model, referred to as the \emph{draft model}, to generate candidate tokens and then verifying them with the target model for acceptance or rejection. Prior studies primarily focu...

Yi-Chi Zhang, Zhi-Qi Wang, N. Gong et al. · 0 citations

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