small language model

Policy-TD: Teacher-Distilled Runtime Control for Frozen Small Language Models

A survey of edge–cloud collaborative large language models for discrete manufacturing: Architectures, technologies, and applications

HIEF: An Interpretable Evidence-Fusion Framework for Phishing Email Detection with Decomposable Decision Uncertainty and a Preliminary English–Spanish Evaluation

This work asks how far a fully interpretable detector can close the accuracy gap to an opaque text classifier while preserving per-decision explanations, and what such a detector returns that accuracy alone does not measure.

IOLM-DB: Instance-optimized large language model execution for column-scale semantic operators

Large language models (LLMs) can implement row-level semantic transformations over tabular data, but a general-purpose model reserves the same accelerator resources even when every row uses one fixed prompt. IOLM-DB compiles that recurring prompt–column pair into an operator sized to the work it actually does. It sampl...

When to Escalate: A Cost-Aware Belief Policy for Conversational Agents Under Hidden Intent

A conversational agent replying to inbound sales leads must choose an action before it knows the lead’s intent. It can answer, ask a qualifying question, hold, or escalate to a human, but the true buying-readiness and whether a human is actually needed are hidden. The two ways of being wrong are not equally costly. A m...

Semantic anchoring with concise ideal answers outperforms unstructured full course materials as context for multi-LLM automated grading of open-ended questions

Within this setting, concise instructor-defined ideal answers (rather than large volumes of unfiltered course material) yielded the most reliable grading and feedback; within this setting, concise instructor-defined ideal answers yielded the most reliable grading and feedback.

Social Contract as a Generative Relational Process: Agency, Rule Formation, and Effective Freedom

Social-contract arguments often assign capacities, interpretations, options, and reasons to parties at a selected justificatory or bargaining stage. This analytical practice can be appropriate for its declared purpose. It can also omit two dependencies that matter for explanation and, under further premises, for normat...

A Longitudinal Exploratory Case-Series Comparing Morphological Trajectories in Four Early-Implanted Greek-Cypriot Children and Eight Typically Hearing Peers

Whether deaf Greek-Cypriot children with cochlear implants begin using the various forms of the definite article of the Greek language similarly to their typically hearing peers in terms of order of appearance and age is explored and if their MLUm growth correlates with that of typically developing peers is explored.

A Controlled Replication of a Self-Model Loop for Language-Model Agents: Controls, Confounds, and Finite-Horizon Path Dependence

An independent, clean-room reimplementation of a self-model loop architecture for language-model agents (the "AC1 loop" described in Lark Laflamme's 2026 AC1-LLM / Laflamme-3T essays). The architecture wraps an LLM with a Bayesian belief over the agent's own interaction stance, re-injected into generation each turn alo...

AI‐Accelerated Design and Modeling of Organic Electrochemical Energy Materials: From Redox‐Active Molecules to Polymer Electrolytes

This review examines how artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the computational design and modeling of OEEM materials, tracing the field's shift from small redox‐active molecules toward polymeric electrolytes and electrodes and provides a perspective on where the field is heading.

Implicit semantic control manifolds for learning-enabled multi-UAV coordination

This work presents an embodied visual-communication approach in which bio-inspired motion–LED glyphs are represented by a reduced six-parameter semantic chart embedded within a full 24-dimensional hybrid execution manifold.

Should Businesses Trust AI Advice? A Methodology to Audit the Ethical Integrity of Chatbots

: As Large Language Models (LLMs) move from general-purpose chat to embedded advisors in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), a human-centered question becomes urgent: can the systems we ask entrepreneurs to trust sustain a coherent ethical stance when business pressure pushes back? This study addresses that ques...