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small language model

3,244 papers

#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Grand challenge: building a digitally enabled one health future for pediatric infectious diseases

Pediatric infectious diseases are moving into a phase where the old boundaries of the specialty just don't hold up anymore. A febrile child might be the first visible point in a much longer chain.In 2024, a dengue outbreak in Fano, Italy, hit 199 locally acquired cases, and France logged 83 autochthonous infections-num...

Daniele Zama · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Benchmarking large language models for target-specific financial stance detection in 10-K MD&A sections and earnings call transcripts

Financial disclosures contain rich narrative information about firm performance, but their length, specialized terminology, and target-dependent language make sentence-level analysis challenging. Existing financial sentiment methods typically assess overall positive or negative tone, rather than stance toward specific...

Nikesh Gyawali, Doina Caragea, Alex Vasenkov et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Neurological outcomes and survival in patients with intracranial lesions undergoing awake craniotomy: a descriptive retrospective single-center study

To descriptively evaluate short-term (48–72 h postoperatively) neurological functional outcomes in patients undergoing awake craniotomy for intracranial lesions located within eloquent brain areas, and conduct univariate exploratory analyses of clinical factors correlated with acute postoperative neurological deteriora...

Ya-Jie Song, Kai-Wen Yang, Yu-Shun Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Market shaping via digital public infrastructure for assistive technology in low- and middle-income countries

This perspective argues that market-shaping strategies should prioritise the development of shared digital infrastructure beneath the application layer; this includes representative datasets and language resources, reusable models and reference toolchains, and deployment pathways tailored to resource-constrained enviro...

Will Wade, Sijung Hu, James Fleming · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Low-resource hallucination detection in LLMs on multi-task datasets via iterative pseudo-labeling using confidence thresholding and active learning

A lightweight, semi-supervised, and reproducible framework that achieves competitive performance without relying on resource-intensive models for hallucination detection across three natural language processing tasks, including machine translation, definition modeling, and paraphrase generation is presented.

Anirud Ramani, Manju Venugopalan · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Automated CEAP Classification of Venous Duplex Reports Using Multimodal Artificial Intelligence.

This study demonstrates the feasibility of automated CEAP classification from VDUS reports, and offers potential to streamline vascular services through automated triage and guideline-compliant decision making.

J. Cutteridge, Henry Bergman, Will Jackson et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Memory Safety Where It Is Needed: Proof-Guided Runtime Checking in a Toolchain Small Enough to Read

Fil-C showed that C can be made memory-safe at run time by giving every pointer acapability and checking it on every access. We take its diagnostic ambitions and put themsomewhere else: in a compiler small enough for a person, or a language model, to hold inview at once, and with a different goal. Crust’s --mem-safe is...

Brent Hartshorn · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Sep 2026

Prevalence of unruptured intracranial aneurysms according to comorbidities, risk factors, country, and time period: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Whether the decrease in subarachnoid haemorrhage incidence is paralleled by declines in unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) prevalence is paralleled by declines in unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) prevalence is investigated.

Judith Dremel, Viktoria Rücker, Camilo Badel et al. · 1 citation
#small language model Book Sep 2026

Fine-Tuning and Evaluation of LLMs

This chapter explains why fine-tuning is essential for adapting large language models (LLMs) to specialized and high-stakes domains, where general-purpose prompting may be unreliable. This chapter introduces fine-tuning as the process of updating a pretrained model with task-specific data and reviews evidence from heal...

Mohammad Amin Kuhail, Mohammad Tubishat, Sarah Kohail et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Social Contract as a Generative Relational Process: Agency, Rule Formation, and Effective Freedom

Social-contract arguments often assign capacities, interpretations, options, and reasons to parties at a selected justificatory or bargaining stage. This analytical practice can be appropriate for its declared purpose. It can also omit two dependencies that matter for explanation and, under further premises, for normat...

Wanhong HUANG · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

When to Escalate: A Cost-Aware Belief Policy for Conversational Agents Under Hidden Intent

A conversational agent replying to inbound sales leads must choose an action before it knows the lead’s intent. It can answer, ask a qualifying question, hold, or escalate to a human, but the true buying-readiness and whether a human is actually needed are hidden. The two ways of being wrong are not equally costly. A m...

Kapardhi Kannekanti · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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