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small language model

2,746 papers

#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk is associated with AT(N)V neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive impairment in the health and aging brain study–health disparities cohort

Background Cardiovascular risk is increasingly recognized as relevant to cognitive aging and dementia-related brain changes, yet its relationship to multimodal neuroimaging biomarkers of amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration, and vascular injury (AT(N)-V) remains incompletely understood in racially and ethnically diverse coh...

Kimberly Espejo, Ryan Rulkens, Cellas A. Hayes et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Corporate Criminal Liability in Spain: Rethinking Article 31 bis of the Spanish Penal Code

Abstract The introduction of corporate criminal liability into Spanish law through Organic Law 5/2010 and its substantial reform by Organic Law 1/2015 marked a decisive departure from the traditional maxim societas delinquere non potest. Article 31 bis of the Spanish Penal Code now permits criminal liability of legal p...

Maria Rodriguez-Lopez · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

2nd law

**Abstract** We present a simple two-compartment model of CO₂ mixing with air to illustrate the second law of thermodynamics through three complementary propositions. Proposition 1 recalls the standard monotonic relaxation of local concentration (with possible overshoot). Proposition 2 introduces a local Boolean probe—...

Sai Luk Lau · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Box-space sprinklings, sequential growth and the Lorentz cone

Preprint, not peer reviewed. This record contains the article, the Python scripts and logs that produce every number and table in it (including the interval-arithmetic certificates), and the LaTeX source. Plain-language summary Causal set theory models spacetime as a discrete set of events ordered by cause and effect....

Shigeo Kaneko · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

The Round as a Formula: Fair, transparent, real-time multiplayer games with the Tau language

This paper is about games in which several parties move at the same time and one step decides the round: a lottery, a pot shared by its players, a bet against a bank, a hand of cards, a move on a board. Such a round is usually a program run by an operator. The method disclosed here makes the round a formula. The round...

Taumorrow · 0 citations
#small language model Dataset Open access Oct 2026

Vāksetu ISL Feature Dataset (v1.0) : 300-Class Indian Sign Language Sequences with Adapter and Phase-2 Refinement Splits

Fixed-length feature sequences for Indian Sign Language (ISL) recognition, collected for the final-year project "Vāksetu: Edge-Optimized ISL Recognition for Assistive Communication" (Goa College of Engineering). The dataset consolidates all training data sources of the project into one HDF5 file with per-sample provena...

Joseph Jonathan Fernandes · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Creation and Collapse Mechanism: Forward and Reverse Pathways, Quantization, and the 2.8\,M_\odot Fundamental Black Hole Unit

This work presents a comprehensive, plain-language framework detailing the symmetrical relationship between the forward construction of matter and its gravitational reversal. The hypothesis outlines a five-part model spanning from fundamental fields to black hole formation: Part 1: Building (Forward): Matter is constru...

Marcin Słowik · 0 citations
#small language model Dataset Open access Oct 2026

Code and outputs for: Retrieval, Verification, and Latency Trade-offs for a Small Local Language Model: A Reproducible SciFact Pilot Study

Scripts, saved outputs and figures for a pilot study of Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct on SciFact: dense retrieval evaluation (300 queries), paired model-only versus RAG latency (100 queries), post-hoc verification, and a retrospective score-gated verification analysis. The SciFact corpus is not included and must be obtained from...

Akbar Safoev · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Harness-Driven Progressive Detail: Making Stateless and Small Language Models Do Bounded Agentic Work — An Implementation Report under PSOS and LMCP

Agentic coding and operations work is usually delegated to a model running an open tool loop: the model decides each next step, re-reads its growing transcript every turn, and stops when it believes it has finished. That arrangement is affordable on a provider with prompt caching, where each turn pays only for new toke...

Jolyon Grace · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

How Many Bits Does a Fact Need? Memory Load, Competing Alternatives and Weight Quantization in a Small Transformer

This work investigates how post-training weight quantization affects the knowledge memorized by a language model. To this end, we train a transformer with 1.1 million parameters on synthetic biographies, a setting in which the amount of information is known exactly, and we vary both the information load and the number...

Stefano Fazzino · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Oct 2026

Knowing about a body is not learning from one: a pilot study of a language-model agent with artificial interoception

A small language model given an artificial body used what it already knew about bodies, but over ten nights of self-training did not learn anything new from its own. We gave Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct an agent body in a simple survival world. The body had energy and integrity, which were reported in text (T), injected along...

Evgenii Borunov · 0 citations
#small language model Dataset Open access Oct 2026

Code and outputs for: Retrieval, Verification, and Latency Trade-offs for a Small Local Language Model: A Reproducible SciFact Pilot Study

Scripts, saved outputs and figures for a pilot study of Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct on SciFact: dense retrieval evaluation (300 queries), paired model-only versus RAG latency (100 queries), post-hoc verification, and a retrospective score-gated verification analysis. The SciFact corpus is not included and must be obtained from...

Akbar Safoev · 0 citations

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