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neuroscience

128 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Poincar\'e Meets Bellman: Revisable Memory, Operational Quotients, and Evidence-Supported Learning in Changing Environments

Memory consolidation determines both what a learner can do now and which changes remain implementable later. We develop a finite-model synthesis of operational state abstraction and optimal control under the stability-evidence-revision (SER) framework. ``Poincar\'e meets Bellman'' names two complementary roles: qualita...

Xin Li · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Stochastic Optimal Control for Continuous-Time fMRI Representation Learning

Learning robust representations from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is fundamentally challenged by the temporal irregularity and noise inherent in data from heterogeneous sources. Existing self-supervised learning (SSL) methods often discard critical temporal information by discretizing or averaging fMRI...

Joonhyeong Park, Byoungwoo Park, Chang-Bae Bang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A foundation for systematic analysis of transformers and RNNs for tractography

Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising approach for improving diffusion MRI (dMRI) tractography, a task that remains limited by the intrinsic tension between local diffusion information and global anatomical plausibility. In this work, we systematically evaluate recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and Transforme...

Emmanuelle Renauld, Philippe Poulin, Hugo Larochelle et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Inferring Multi-Timescale Neural Dynamics with Switching Linear Dynamical Systems

Neural activity often exhibits multiple timescales that can vary with behavioral states and task conditions. Identifying these timescales from neural recordings is important for better understanding neural computation and function. However, traditional approaches based on autocorrelation fitting are difficult to scale...

Lu-Lu Gong, Yong-Xu Zhang, Shreya Saxena · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

REALM: Retrospective Encoder Alignment for LFP Modeling

Spike activity has been the dominant neural signal for behavior decoding because its high spatiotemporal resolution supports accurate decoding. However, as intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) move toward higher channel counts and wireless operation, the high sampling rates required to record spikes create s...

Peicheng Wu, Zhenyu Bu, Runze Ma et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Increasing Width Allows Greedy Layer-wise Training to Rival End-to-End Backpropagation in Self-Supervised Learning

End-to-end backpropagation has been the dominant mode of training in deep learning, allowing for the coordination of parameter updates across layers of a neural network. Prior studies have explored alternative -- and, in some cases, simpler -- training mechanisms, showing that they can sometimes achieve performance sim...

Syon Mansur, Joel Zylberberg · 0 citations
#robotics Preprint Sep 2026

Embodiment-aware control by inference over the operator: a simulation study

An embodiment-aware controller is formulated, the Universal Embodiment Engine (UEE), that infers the operator's embodiment and visuo-proprioceptive cue weighting from implicit gaze and pupil signals and task outcome, and chooses bounded device settings under explicit preferences, cast as a discrete Active Inference age...

Sara Falcone · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Removing Timing Shortcuts Improves Non-Invasive Brain-to-Text

We find that major reported improvements in decoding words from non-invasive brain recordings are largely reproducible without any brain data. In the influential work of d'Ascoli et al. (2025), time series of brain activity from subjects perceiving continuous speech are segmented into fixed-length windows starting at e...

D. Jayalath, Oiwi Parker Jones · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Disentangling Computation in Multi-Task Neural Networks with the Green's Operator

How is computation organized and reused across tasks and time in a trained recurrent network? Most analyses emphasize the geometry of neural activity, dynamical motifs, or local perturbation growth. We instead study the network's global first-order perturbation response. The finite-horizon Green's operator maps perturb...

James Hazelden · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Not all solutions are created equal: An analytical dissociation of functional and representational similarity in deep linear neural networks

A foundational principle of connectionism is that perception, action, and cognition emerge from parallel computations among simple, interconnected units that generate and rely on neural representations. Accordingly, researchers employ multivariate pattern analysis to decode and compare the neural codes of artificial an...

Lukas Braun, Erin Grant, Andrew M. Saxe · 0 citations

NeuroAI and Beyond: Bridging Between Advances in Neuroscience and ArtificialIntelligence

It is argued that NeuroAI, neuroscience-informed artificial intelligence, has the potential to overcome limitations of current AI while deepening the authors' understanding of biological neural computation, and requires a new generation of researchers trained across the boundary between neuroscience and engineering.

A. Zador, J. Fellous, Terrence J. Sejnowski et al. · 3 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Belief-Based Maximum Occupancy Principle and Active Inference

This work extends MOP to partially observable environments and introduces a Bellman reformulation of the Expected Free Energy for Active Inference, both incorporating belief-based inference over hidden states as part of the agent state.

Manolis Mylonas, Rubén Moreno Bote · 0 citations

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