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natural language processing

6,613 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Text-Preserving Lossy Text Compression: A Study of Strategic Deletion and LLM Reconstruction

Traditional lossless text compression preserves every byte, but its gains on natural language are often modest in realistic operating regimes. We study \emph{lossy semantic text compression}, where the encoder strategically deletes parts of the text and a large language model (LLM) reconstructs the original content fro...

Yuchun Zou, Junhong Tong, Jun Li · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Adaptive Steering and Remasking for Safe Generation in Diffusion Language Models

Diffusion Language Models(DLMs) provide a promising alternative to autoregressive language models through iterative denoising and bidirectional generation. However, their iterative generation process introduces distinct safety vulnerabilities because harmful content can emerge at arbitrary positions and persist across...

Yejin Lee, Ungsik Kim, Yo-Sub Han · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Idealized Patients: Evaluating LLMs under Challenging Patient Behaviors in Medical Consultations

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for medical consultation and health information support, where safety depends not only on medical knowledge but also on robust responses to unclear, inconsistent, or misleading patient input. However, most existing medical LLM evaluations assume idealized and well-pose...

Yahan Li, Xinyi Jie, Wanjia Ruan et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Who Wrote the Book? Detecting and Attributing LLM Ghostwriters

In this paper, we introduce GhostWriteBench, a dataset for LLM authorship attribution. It comprises long-form texts (50K+ words per book) generated by frontier LLMs, and is designed to test generalisation across multiple out-of-distribution (OOD) dimensions, including domain and unseen LLM author. We also propose TRACE...

Anudeex Shetty, Qiongkai Xu, Olga Ohrimenko et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Multi-Perspective LLM Annotations for Valid Analyses in Subjective Tasks

Large language models are increasingly used to annotate texts, but their outputs reflect some human perspectives better than others. Existing methods for correcting LLM annotation error assume a single ground truth. However, this assumption fails in subjective tasks where disagreement across demographic groups is meani...

Navya Mehrotra, Adam Visokay, Kristina Gligori\'c · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Neither Here Nor There: Cross-Lingual Representation Dynamics of Code-Mixed Text in Multilingual Encoders

Multilingual encoder-based language models are widely used for code-mixed analysis, yet their internal representations of code-mixed inputs -- and their relationship to the constituent languages -- remain poorly understood. Using Hindi-English as a case study, we construct a unified trilingual corpus of parallel Englis...

Debajyoti Mazumder, Divyansh Pathak, Prashant Kodali et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Cross-Context Review: Improving LLM Output Quality by Separating Production and Review Sessions

Large language models struggle to catch errors in their own outputs when the review happens in the same session that produced them. This paper introduces Cross-Context Review (CCR), a straightforward method where the review is conducted in a fresh session with no access to the production conversation history. We ran a...

Tae-Eun Song · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

From Literature to Hypotheses: An AI Co-Scientist System for Biomarker-Guided Drug Combination Hypothesis Generation

The rapid growth of biomedical evidence makes it difficult to translate biomarker mechanisms into actionable drug combination hypotheses. We present CoDHy, an interactive AI co-scientist for biomarker-guided hypothesis generation in oncology. CoDHy constructs task-specific knowledge graphs from curated databases and bi...

Raneen Younis, Suvinava Basak, Lukas Chavez et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AuditBench: Evaluating Alignment Auditing Techniques on Models with Hidden Behaviors

We introduce AuditBench, an alignment auditing benchmark. AuditBench consists of 56 language models with implanted hidden behaviors. Each model has one of 14 concerning behaviors--such as sycophantic deference, opposition to AI regulation, or secret geopolitical loyalties--which it does not confess to when directly ask...

Abhay Sheshadri, Aidan Ewart, Elias Kempf et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LEAD: Layer-wise Expert-aligned Decoding for Faithful Radiology Report Generation

Radiology Report Generation aims to produce accurate and coherent diagnostics from medical images. Although large vision-language models improve report fluency and accuracy, they still suffer from hallucinations by generating plausible pathological descriptions that are not supported by the input images. Existing metho...

Ruixiao Yang, Yuanhe Tian, Di Dong et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Textual Planning with Explicit Latent Transitions

Planning requires a transition model that predicts how each action changes the current state. When a large language model (LLM) plays this role, every next state is generated token by token, which makes searching over many possible futures slow and expensive. Existing alternatives either still query an LLM at every ste...

Eliezer Shlomi, Ido Levy, Eilam Shapira et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MERGE: Minimal Expression-Replacement GEneralization Test for Natural Language Inference

As many benchmarks have become saturated, it is increasingly important to create new datasets that evaluate the generalization capacity of current state-of-the-art models in reasoning. However, creating high-quality reasoning datasets is challenging: manual construction is costly, and automatic generation is error-pron...

M\u{a}d\u{a}lina Zgreab\u{a}n, Tejaswini Deoskar, Lasha Abzianidze · 0 citations

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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