Large language models (LLMs) are highly sensitive to the prompts used to specify task objectives and behavioral constraints. Many recent prompt optimization methods iteratively rewrite prompts using LLM-generated feedback, but the resulting prompts often become longer, accumulate narrow sample-specific rules, and gener...
Lucheng Fu, Ye Yu, Yiyang Wang et al.· 0 citations
Large language models (LLMs) are widely used for open-ended tasks, but underspecified prompts can lead to low-quality answers and additional interaction. This paper studies whether structured prompt design improves response quality while reducing user effort. We compare three prompt conditions: a raw prompt, a checklis...
Central to human-aligned AI is understanding the benefits of human-elicited labels over synthetic alternatives. While human soft-labels improve calibration by capturing uncertainty, prior studies conflate these benefits with the implicit correction of mislabeled data (mode shifts), obscuring true effects of soft-labels...
Maja Pavlovic, Silviu Paun, Massimo Poesio· 0 citations
Clinical language models increasingly operate over electronic health records (EHRs), yet patient records are not stored as temporally grounded trajectories. Clinical notes describe symptoms, assessments, and disease progression, but often compress or narratively reorder events. Structured EHR rows provide timestamps fo...
Sayantan Kumar, Shahriar Noroozizadeh, Juyong Kim et al.· 0 citations
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Digital personas powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly proposed as substitutes for human survey respondents, yet it remains unclear when they can reliably approximate human survey findings. We answer this question using the LISS panel, constructing personas from respondents' background variables and...
Mumin Jia, Yilin Chen, Divya Sharma et al.· 0 citations
Controlling Large Language Models (LLMs) to prevent the generation of undesirable content, such as profanity and personally identifiable information (PII), has become increasingly critical. While earlier approaches relied on post-processing or resampling, recent research has shifted towards constrained decoding methods...
LLM cascades, in which a cheap model defers to an expensive one on low-confidence queries, are widely used to reduce inference cost. Given a pool of models, a practitioner must decide how many models to include and where to set each deferral threshold. We derive first-order optimality conditions showing that, at an opt...
Patient simulators are gaining traction in mental health training by providing scalable exposure to complex and sensitive patient interactions. Simulating depressed patients is challenging, as safety constraints and high patient variability complicate simulations and underscore the need for simulators that capture dive...
We study a QA curation pipeline for improving long-context complex reasoning in large language models (LLMs). Our approach, $\pi^2$, constructs high-quality reasoning data through rigorous QA curation: 1) extracting and expanding tables from Wikipedia, 2) from the collected tables together with relevant metadata, gener...
Quyet V. Do, Thinh Pham, Nguyen Nguyen et al.· 0 citations
Markdown carries structure a parser reads for free: headers, section paths, and block boundaries. Many RAG pipelines also spend LLM calls per chunk on generated metadata. We ask what one LLM call per chunk buys over that free structure. MDKeyChunker splits Markdown into header-led chunks without splitting any block; ma...
We propose a fully automated AI system that produces short comedic videos similar to sketch shows such as Saturday Night Live. Starting from character references, the system employs a population of agents loosely modeled on roles in real production studios and structured to optimize the quality and diversity of ideas a...
Susung Hong, Brian Curless, Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman et al.· 0 citations
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed in various question-answering tasks. However, recent studies showcase that LLMs are susceptible to persuasion and could adopt counterfactual beliefs. We present a systematic evaluation of LLM susceptibility to persuasion under the \emph{Source--Message--Channel--Re...
A new method, called CW-Net, translates the reasoning process of an autonomous vehicle’s AI system into understandable concepts that explain its behavior.
MIT News · Artificial Intelligence· news.mit.eduAug 31, 2026
With millions of users across the world, Julia has been used to conduct cutting-edge research and to design new drugs, jet engines, heat pumps, and more.