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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#computer vision Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Modality Discrepancy Transformer for Ambivalence and Hesitancy Recognition

Ambivalence and hesitancy (A/H) are affective states in which individuals express contradictory signals across facial, vocal, and linguistic channels. Automatically recognising A/H in clinical videos requires detecting cross-modal disagreement -- the signal that standard fusion methods suppress. Based on the conflict-a...

Shiyu Luo, Yu Wang, Jiawen Huang et al. · 0 citations

Do LLM Attribution Metrics Transfer? Auditing Retrieval-Augmented Generation Evaluation Across Datasets and Constructs

This work audits eight automatic scorers -- lexical, embedding, and BERTScore baselines alongside entailment/grounding-trained models -- across three evaluation constructs (provenance/topicality, generated-answer attribution, and fact-check entailment), asking whether any scorer transfers: stays within the 95% confiden...

Tianyu Ding, Aditya Nannapaneni, Juan Pablo De la Cruz Weinstein · 0 citations

A Large-Scale Vision-Language Dataset Derived from Open Scientific Literature to Advance Biomedical Generalist AI

This work introduces Biomedica, an open-source dataset derived from the PubMed Central Open Access subset, containing over 6 million scientific articles and 24 million image-text pairs, along with 27 metadata fields (including expert human annotations).

Alejandro Lozano, M. Sun, James Burgess et al. · 3 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Measurement Under Selection: Decoy-Calibrated Failure Audits for Language Models

Knowing how often a language model fails does not explain where its errors concentrate. When auditors examine many explanations, the strongest observed pattern may arise by chance. We introduce Janus, a procedure for checking proposed error patterns before reporting them. Janus starts with a fixed list of yes/no proper...

Vyzantinos Repantis, Ameya Gawde, Harshvardhan Singh · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Embedding Models Measure in Peculiar Ways

Analysis indicates that embedding representations of physical measurements are strongly influenced by superficial string similarity, and recalibration of similarity does not substantially improve the alignment.

Juri Opitz, Andrianos Michail · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

dQwen3.5: Hybrid-Attention Diffusion Language Models

This work investigates whether hybrid backbones can become effective DLMs by adapting Qwen3.5 at 0.8B, 2B, 4B, and 9B scales, and finds that they can be efficient starting points for adaptation.

Anton Xue, Litu Rout, Aditya Akella et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Relational Attention for Data-Efficient Language Modeling

Relational BabyLM is a system submission to the BabyLM 2026 challenge that combines two cognitively motivated inductive biases in a single decoder-only Transformer, and introduces a novel symbol-retrieval mechanism that matches learned symbol libraries while adding no parameters.

Adrian Brasoveanu, Ece Takmaz, Jakub Dotlacil · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Intrinsic Sequence-Likelihood Confidence in Retrieval-Dominated Extractive QA: Two Pre-Specified Negatives, and What They Do and Do Not Attribute

In extractive document question answering whose questions were generated from the passages that contain their answers -- so that retrieval recovers 92-99.8% of what any mode combination could reach, whatever its absolute accuracy -- confidence-driven mechanisms have little to gain. Fine-tuning an open language model on...

Gun-Woo Lee, Chang-Min Sung, Sang-Hwan Gwak et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Chain-of-Thought Entropy as a Reliability Signal: A Preregistered Reproduction

This empirical study is an independent reproduction of the dissociation Zhao reported in 2026, where the shape of a large language model's chain-of-thought entropy trajectory predicts whether the final answer is correct, while the magnitude of its total entropy drop does not.

Theodore O. Cochran · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Aug 2026

Advantage Scale Calibration Imbalance in Group-Relative Optimization under Low-Variance Rewards: Diagnosis and Bounded Recovery

An advantage-scale three-way calibration interface is proposed: the same within-group scale denominator simultaneously determines the reward-branch strength, prompt-level batch weight, and the effective KL calibration induced when the reward branch is re-expressed on the original cardinal scale.

Fei Ding · 1 citation

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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