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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Assessing Adversarial Robustness of Latent Reasoning Models

Large language models increasingly rely on long chain-of-thought (CoT) trajectories for complex reasoning, but autoregressive generation brings substantial memory and inference costs. Latent reasoning models (LRMs) offer a more efficient alternative by compressing intermediate reasoning into a small number of continuou...

Shao-Long Chen, Ang Li, Ming-Jie Li et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Guiding the coarse levels of semantic IDs makes the fine levels learnable

Generative retrieval represents each item by a short Semantic ID and casts recommendation as autoregressive generation of that sequence. Because the tokenizer is trained independently to reconstruct an item embedding, its codes are aligned with neither the downstream LLM nor the end task. Nearly every SID system theref...

Bin Wang, Zheng-Yu Zhang · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Swiss-Knife: A Framework for Reconfigurable Externalised Multi-Objective Alignment at Decode Time

Decode-time alignment methods steer a frozen language model by scoring candidate continuations with an external reward and selecting the maximiser. We argue that this shared design is a single degenerate point in a much larger space. We introduce Swiss-Knife, a framework for externalised multi-objective alignment in wh...

Agnibh Karmakar, Mayur Parvatikar, Shreyash Dhoot et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

From Trait Vectors to Circuits: Tracing Refusal and Sycophancy Through Language Models

This work asks whether steering acts through the computation of the unmodified model or through a different set of components, studying two traits whose directions have been extracted and validated in prior work: refusal and sycophancy in Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct.

Oscar Miró López-Feliu, M. Ozbayoglu · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

EAVer: Long-Form Factuality Verification as an End-to-End Agentic Policy

This work introduces EAVer, an End-to-end Agentic Verifier that learns to control the complete response-level verification workflow as a unified policy, and construct 794 bidirectional same-trajectory preference pairs that keep claim grouping, search, and evidence fixed, enabling decision-focused Direct Preference Opti...

Ke-Ning Zheng, Ao-Ying Zheng, Zhi-Gang Chang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Knowing, and Saying It Only When Asked: LLM Endognostics and the Schizognosis of Minerva-7B

Evaluating an aligned language model by reading its answers assumes the answers carry the distinction the evaluator cares about. We introduce LLM endognostics, a white-box internal auditing framework designed to extract and causally manipulate latent knowledge within the residual stream. Applied to Minerva-7B-Instruct-...

Fabrizio Davide, Francesco Collova · 1 citation
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

On Mitigation of Subliminal Learning in Large Language Models

Liminal training is introduced, an annealed KL-regularized fine-tuning method that constrains early drift from the base model and shows that KL timing matters: early regularization is more effective than late regularization, and sweeping the regularization strength reveals an empirical trade-off between task learning a...

A. Yanagisawa, B. Gho, Rajendran Ramesh Babu Manoj Narender et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

A Channel-Boosted Multi-Agent System with Iterative Consultation for Document Sensitivity Classification

Organizations in critical national infrastructure sectors must assess heterogeneous documents for sensitivity before routing or storage. Manual assessment is slow, inconsistent, and unscalable. Extending our prior leakage-controlled benchmark, BERT established the top single-encoder baseline (89.14% accuracy, 89.33% F1...

Aleesha Zainab, Asifullah Khan, M. Khalid et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Schematize: An Agentic System for Generating and Refining Information-Extraction Schemas for Legal Research

Empirical legal research often relies on turning research questions into structured data extracted from large collections of rulings and judgments. Designing the extraction schema and then extracting the data remain a manual, expertise-heavy bottleneck. We present schematize, an open-source multi-agent system that inte...

Albert Sawczyn, Jakub Binkowski, Kamil Tagowski et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Dissecting Training-Free Uncertainty Estimation in Multimodal LLMs

This work presents a systematic study of training-free uncertainty quantification strategies for MLLMs, categorizing existing approaches into three conceptual families: token-level methods, which operate directly in the text output space; ver-balized methods, which elicit uncertainty estimates or abstention signals via...

Soroush Seifi, Vaggelis Dorovatas, Lin Li et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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