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natural language processing

9,049 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

UK-PRBENCH: A Paragraph-Level Precedent Retrieval Benchmark for United Kingdom Case Law

Prior case retrieval (PCR) aims to identify precedent cases relevant to a given query case. Existing PCR benchmarks and methods predominantly operate at the document level, treating entire judgments as the unit of relevance. This formulation is suboptimal for legal practitioners, as judgments address multiple legal iss...

Damith Premasiri, Tharindu Ranasinghe · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Morpho-VITS: Variational Inference with Morphological Modeling for End-to-End Speech Synthesis of a Tonal Bantu Language

Text-to-speech models for Bantu tonal languages are challenged by a tonal system that is rooted in both the lexis (i.e., the inventory of words, stems, and affixes) and the grammar (i.e., morpho-syntax). To complicate matters, the standard writing systems of these languages often omit tone markings and syllable duratio...

Antoine Nzeyimana · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Representation-guided in-context learning for medical image interpretation with multimodal large language models

RG-ICL is introduced, a training-free inference framework that retrieves query-aligned demonstrations using frozen encoders, without task-specific parameter updates, and indicates that for medical image interpretation, curating which reference cases an MLLM sees is a practical alternative to retraining it.

Min-Da Zhao, Fang-Yu Hu, Yan Luo et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

AURA: Uncertainty-Routed Activation Editing for Acoustic Grounding in Speech Foundation Models

AURA is proposed, an ultra-efficient representation-editing method that freezes the pretrained model and applies sparse scale-and-shift edits to decoder cross-attention heads, supporting dynamic activation editing as a practical path for grounding AED speech models.

Natarajan Balaji Shankar, Zilai Wang, Zi-Han Wang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Beyond Relevance: Structured Semantic Supervision for Product Search with LLM-Augmented Annotations

Blations show that most of the oracle improvement comes from post-edited explanations and annotator comments rather than the scalar centrality feature, suggesting that LLMs are most useful for exposing and approximating structured semantic supervision rather than replacing human judgment directly.

Girish A. Koushik, Swapnil Bhosale, Samarth Agrawal et al. · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Sep 2026

Collapse, Not Complexity: Failure-Conditioned Decomposition Repair for End-to-End Document Parsing

End-to-end document parsers increasingly offer an optional reasoning mode for complex pages. On a 180-page entropy-stratified discovery sample with one frozen 4B checkpoint, complexity is the wrong decision variable. Reasoning lowers mean quality by 2.21 Overall at 1.54x tokens; a preregistered input-only model cannot...

Xing-Yu Lin, De-Hui Du · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Contributions to the hierarchy of probabilistic languages

We reconsider the theory of probabilistic formal languages generated by n-gram models and by probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs). The expected hierarchy of probabilistic grammars is established by proving that every probabilistic language generated by an n-gram model is also generated by some PCFG, while some p...

Lothar Sebastian Krapp, Remo Nitschke · 1 citation
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Long-Tail Rebalancing for Non-Verbal Vocalization-Aware ASR: A Track 1 System for the NVVSpeech Challenge

Non-verbal vocalizations (NVVs) carry important paralinguistic information but are often omitted by conventional automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. The ISCSLP NVVSpeech Challenge requires joint transcription of lexical content and 16 NVV categories under limited and highly imbalanced supervision. We present a...

Shang-Yue Jia, Jing-Ru Ma, Yang-Ze Li et al. · 1 citation

LLM-Based FORM Code Generation with Verification-Driven Fine-Tuning

FORM is a domain-specific symbolic manipulation language widely used in particle physics for processing the very large algebraic expressions arising from multi-loop Feynman diagram calculations. Despite its central role in precision theoretical physics, no artificial-intelligence tooling exists, to our knowledge, for a...

B. Chargeishvili · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

LLMs as Linguistic Chameleons: Decoupling Semantics and Structure for Privacy-Preserving Communication

As Large Language Model (LLM) APIs become increasingly integrated into privacy-sensitive workflows, ensuring inference-time privacy without compromising task utility remains a major challenge. Existing approaches preserve most of the original semantic content to maintain downstream performance, but this also leaves exp...

Yu-Zhu Mao, Liang Zhao · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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