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natural language processing

8,685 papers

#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Where Activation Sparsity and KV-Cache Sparsity Cross in LLM Decoding

A byte crossover is derived, the context length at which the two savings are equal, together with ideal speedup bounds for each branch and for their composition, from model dimensions and keep ratios alone and is derived at https://github.com/js-lee-AI/ByteCross.

Jungseob Lee, Seungyoon Lee, Seongtae Hong et al. · 1 citation
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Rethinking Contextualization by Reinterpreting Attention Head Channels

It is found and estimated that different words carry different amounts of information, and less-informative words tend to absorb more contextual information, and finer-grained selectivity enables more precise routing to promote information transmission between matched words.

Hakaze Cho, Hao-Lin Yang, Zhun Sun et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

ChemOPD: Multi-Teacher On-Policy Distillation for Multi-Task Chemical Reasoning

Examining task affinities from supervised fine-tuning gradients and solving a constrained mixed-integer program(MIP) to construct partially overlapping specialist groups highlights specialization and capability integration as connected but distinct design problems in chemical reasoning.

Yao-Yao Xu, Xinjian Zhao, Xiao-Zhuang Song et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Quantifying Behavioral Tails in Black-Box Language Models

RareTrap provides model developers a principled approach for evaluating language models under a common distribution, and prioritizing alignment effort to improve safety and mitigate risks.

Elsayed Eshra, Ali Al-Lawati, Dongwon Lee et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

SMAT: Simple and Efficient Merge-Aware Training

SMAT (Simple MAT) is introduced, which jointly optimizes expert loss and expected loss at simulated merged parameters generated by sampling scaling coefficients, masks, and additive noise, and improves the mean score across five merging methods.

Yang-Gan Gu, Yuan-Yi Wang, Zhen Li et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

When to Evict, Not What to Keep: Draft-Guided Eviction for Training-Free KV-Cache Compression

Training-free KV-cache compression methods such as SnapKV, H2O, and PyramidKV evict tokens at the end of prefill, aiming to preserve the attention mass that future queries are expected to use -optimizing what to keep. We show that this objective fails in two distinct ways. (1) Compensation: restoring the evicted attent...

Haeyong Kang, C. D. Yoo · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Teach Yourself Where to Look: On-Policy Attention Self-Distillation for Reasoning

On-Policy Attention Self-Distillation (OPASD), which complements token-level supervision with solution-conditioned attention distillation, shows that solution-conditioned attention provides a complementary supervision signal that makes on-policy self-distillation more accurate, stable, and compute-efficient.

Safaeid Hossain Arib, Rabeya Akter, I. N. Swapnil et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Save Your Saturated Data: Learning Beyond Reward Saturation in Group-Based RL

Group-relative reinforcement learning (RL) relies on reward variation among sampled responses to estimate informative relative advantages. As language models become increasingly capable, existing training data can become reward-saturated: all sampled responses to the same problem might receive equally high rewards, whe...

Zi-Yuan Yang, Yike Wang, Shang-Bin Feng et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Theory of Scene: Breaking the Symmetry Trap in Multi-Agent LLM Coordination

Tory of Scene (ToS), a training-free reasoning schema in which each agent reads its public role, the only difference between the agents, and the task context they all observe, is proposed, which outperforms all six baselines on every benchmark, and each baseline falls far behind it in at least one setting.

Liang-Qi Yuan, Wen-Zhi Fang, Shi-Qiang Wang et al. · 1 citation

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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