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natural language processing

7,776 papers

SCBO: Semantically Coherent Batching and Ordering for LLM-Based Social Surveys

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a scalable way to simulate survey respondents using demographic profiles and observed reference responses. However, the conventional approach of predicting one question per prompt repeatedly encodes the same context, limits each target to a narrow set of reference responses, and preve...

Yuan-Zi Li, Ling-Jie Wang, Zi-Hang Tian et al. · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Sep 2026

SignFLIP: A Unified Model for Sign Language Translation and Generation via Stage-wise Alignment at Scale

To enable bidirectional mapping between text and sign, SignFLIP adopts a symmetric architecture together with a stage-wise training strategy built on large-scale data, which shows competitive performance compared with task-specific models on both translation and generation tasks, as well as strong transferability to si...

Zhaoyi An, Si-Han Tan, Youngbae Hwang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

When Confidence Rises Too Early: Detecting Shortcut Reasoning via Premature Answer Commitment

The Distributional Answer Commitment Score (DACS) is proposed, a distributional confidence estimator that measures the entropy of the model's probability distribution over answer commitment at each reasoning step to capture how concentrated the model's answer belief is without requiring ground-truth answers or task-spe...

Zhao-Han Zhang, Jun-Jie Liu, Chengzhengxu Li et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

The Right Lesson at the Right Step: Deriving Control Updates for Self-Evolving Agents

Results show that self-evolving agents should place experience inside the control flow, rather than only store it as text, and show how learned conventions must reach the right execution step on long tool-use environments where learned conventions must reach the right execution step.

Yun-He Su, Zi-Yi Dong, Tong Yu et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Neural Language Models Learn the Contextual Distributions of Dependency Structures: a statistical learning theory to compositionality

It is argued that this process provides a statistical-learning account of how NLMs solve the compositionality problem in language, and the possibility that this statistical learning process provides an explanatory theory on how language cognition could emerge from pure distributional statistics.

Bo-Juan Wang, Chen Jun Jie, Holly E. Jenkins et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Adapt Semantics, Not Structure: Few-Instance Schema Calibration for Scientific PDF Extraction

CPSE is introduced, a contract-preserving semantic extraction framework that jointly calibrates extraction prompts and field-level semantic descriptions from a few gold annotations that enables low-resource schema execution while preserving the output structure required downstream.

Zi-Xiao Dong, Wei Yang, Zi-Hao Liu et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Sep 2026

OpenWhistle: A Large-Scale Longitudinal Dataset and Benchmark of Bottlenose Dolphin Vocalizations

Recent advances in bioacoustics have been driven by large-scale corpora and standardized benchmarks, yet existing resources are overwhelmingly bird-centric and shallow per species, limiting their use for studying the structure of a single species' communication system. This gap is particularly acute for cetaceans: desp...

Faadil Mustun, Chiara Semenzin, Roberto Dessi et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

From Weak Task Specifications to Scientific Extraction Agents: Optimizing Task Construction

Most methods that optimize LLM prompts and agent workflows assume that task-specific output schemas, extraction instructions, and evaluation criteria are predefined. For scientific extraction agents, however, a short task goal may not fully determine these components, while specifying them manually is costly. We study...

Zi-Xiao Dong, Wei Yang, Zi-Hao Liu et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Pass or Fail? Evaluating LLMs on Two Greek Examination Benchmarks

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) imposes a thorough evaluation of their linguistic and analytical capabilities as well as constraints, particularly for a language with limited benchmark coverage such as Greek. To address the limited availability of comprehensive benchmarks in this domain, we introd...

Panagiota Kyriazi, Eleni Kasoura, Prokopis Prokopidis · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Sep 2026

InfiMed2: A Generalist Medical Multimodal Foundation Model from Contextual Evidence and Stability-Aware Supervision

This work introduces InfiMed2, a family of 4B and 27B generalist medical multimodal foundation models built around stage-aware data design, and curates a 55.68B-token corpus that combines broad clinical knowledge with context-rich biomedical visual evidence through source-specific processing.

Guang-Hao Zhu, Ze-Yu Liu, Zhitian Hou et al. · 0 citations

TQTS-Bench: A Multi-Syntax Benchmark for Text-to-Query over Time-Series Databases

TQTS-BENCH is introduced, a multi-syntax benchmark for evaluating text-to-query capabilities over TSDBs, and error analysis reveals that this performance gap mainly stems from the heterogeneous query syntaxes across different TSDBs, misinterpretation of time-specific intents, and incorrect schema linking.

Fei Lyu, Zhi-Yi Peng, Jia-Ming Liu et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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