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natural language processing

6,429 papers

#computer vision Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Inverting Multi-Vector Visual Document Indices

Prevailing multi-vector visual document retrievers store each page as about a thousand patch vectors, often in vector databases run by a third party. Since no one can read a page from its vectors, this index is easily treated as less sensitive than the page. However, because the index keeps one vector per patch in rast...

Zhuchenyang Liu, Yao Zhang, Yu Xiao · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Towards Explaining Query Expansion Performance in Information Retrieval

Query Expansion (QE) techniques have long been widely used in Information Retrieval (IR) to address the vocabulary mismatch problem. They remain relevant in modern retrieval systems, including those based on large language models (LLMs). However, no single QE method consistently outperforms others across all queries. T...

Sourav Saha, Aditya Dutta, Soumajit Pramanik et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Mitigating Accent-Language Confusion in Self-Supervised Speech Representations for Language Identification

Spoken language identification (LID) aims to recognize the target language regardless of accent. In practice, however, LID models fine-tuned from self-supervised speech representations frequently confuse accents with languages, misclassifying non-native (L2) speech as the speaker's first language (L1). We show that non...

Minu Kim, Jihwan Lee, David R. Mortensen et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Boundary-Free Contextual Biasing: Depth-Adaptive Gating and Reading-Space Matching for Unsegmented Languages

Contextual biasing supplies an ASR system with a list of expected words at inference time, but existing methods rely on word boundaries that Japanese and Chinese do not provide. We present a boundary-free biasing decoder for frozen public CTC models, built on a character-level Aho-Corasick automaton, with no training a...

Muhammad Huzaifah, Yu Pan, Zachary Yeo et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Finding the Right Balance: Relevance and Diversity in LLM Retrieval

Retrieval diversification is widely available in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) frameworks, yet prior studies disagree on whether it improves retrieval and answer quality. We show that its effectiveness varies primarily with candidate-pool redundancy, in a pattern consistent with the number of distinct evidence p...

Guillaume Brouillette (Universit\'e du Qu\'ebec \`a Trois-Rivi\`eres, Trois-Rivi\`eres, Canada) et al. · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Oct 2026

Large-scale Repository Engineering via Agent-Native Reusable Code Primitives

Large language models equipped with development environments have moved code generation toward repository-scale construction, yet building complete repositories remains difficult because interacting modules, interfaces, configurations, tests, and dependencies must work together. We introduce Code Primitives, agent-nati...

Hai-Bo Jin, Peng Kuang, Xu-Cheng Yu et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Phoneme-Guided Initialization for LLM-based Speech Recognition

Speech large language models (speech LLMs) perform well on automatic speech recognition (ASR) when sufficient paired speech-text data is available, but their performance degrades in low-resource settings. A cascaded pipeline that performs speech-to-phoneme (S2P) conversion followed by phoneme-to-grapheme (P2G) conversi...

Ryo Magoshi, Shinsuke Sakai, Tatsuya Kawahara · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Is Word Error Rate Enough? Rethinking Privacy Evaluation in Speech with Entity-Aware Metrics

As the use of smart devices continues to increase, their potential to capture sensitive speech content raises growing privacy concerns. It is therefore critical to develop techniques that prevent information leakage while preserving the utility of the audio, and evaluation metrics that accurately quantify the level of...

Anjana Rajasekhar, Jule Pohlhausen, Nayana Jacob Alappattu et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

EngramEdit: Decoupled Knowledge Updates in LLMs through Conditional Memory

Conditional memory architectures such as DeepSeek Engram use input n-grams to look up learned embeddings, expanding the capacity of large language models (LLMs) with limited additional computation. Beyond model scaling, this architecture has demonstrated the potential to decouple factual knowledge storage from general-...

Hongru Cai, Ran Wei, Wenjie Wang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Your Prompt Should Do More: Effects of Retrieval Instructions in Embedding Models

Prompted embedding models have recently received increasing attention, particularly for retrieval, where detailed retrieval instructions are provided as part of the retrieval prompt. Several new datasets and studies have examined this setting, showing that the current embedding models often struggle to follow such inst...

Amanda Myntti, Jenna Kanerva, Veronika Laippala et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

CoTrace: Data Recipes for Training Terminal Agents with Harness-Model Co-Evolution

Terminal-agent capability depends jointly on model weights and the runtime harness that formats prompts, binds tools, and handles error recovery. Existing harness-model co-evolution approaches improve both components, yet often treat trajectories produced during harness search as an undifferentiated replay buffer. This...

Jixuan Chen, Jiaxin Zhang, Qinyuan Ye et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Document-Level Text Simplification in Estonian Using Large Language Models

Document-level text simplification involves transformations that go beyond sentence-internal edits, addressing discourse coherence, anaphora resolution, and cross-paragraph consistency. Despite advances in sentence-level simplification for high-resource languages, document-level simplification in morphologically rich,...

Meeri-Ly Muru, Eduard Barbu · 0 citations

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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