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natural language processing

7,546 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Tilted Bowl Is Not a Slippery Slope: Compressing Looped Models

Looped models reason by applying the same block of weights many times, so compressing that block saves memory traffic on every loop. Compressed looped models, however, often collapse, and the collapse is usually blamed on rounding error that accumulates from loop to loop. In this work we test that account on more than...

Steven Kolawole, Pearse Jim, Opegbemi M. Busoye et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

K2P: Label-Free Knowledge to Prompt Distillation

Knowledge distillation can transfer reasoning from stronger teachers to frozen students through reusable prompts, but avoiding weight updates does not eliminate supervision. Without ground-truth answers, teacher solutions are unverified, and agreement with the teacher can reward shared mistakes. We introduce Knowledge-...

Yingchuan Zhang, Haoran Lu, Wenxuan Zhong et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Blackboard Intelligence Can Surpass Autoregressive on Globally Constrained Problems

Next-token prediction has driven remarkable progress in large language models, yet a growing body of evidence suggests that they can struggle on problems governed by complex global constraints. In this work, we focus on this regime and ask whether some of these limitations arise from the inference interface induced by...

Woosang Jeon, Jaeyeon Kim, S. Kakade et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Aug 2026

Do AI chatbots find what experts would? Effects of model, user role, and sample size on study retrieval for medical questions

Large language model (LLM) chatbots are increasingly used to answer clinical questions with citations to relevant studies, yet the quality of retrieved evidence and factors influencing study selection remain unclear. We evaluated three general-purpose LLM chatbots (Claude Sonnet 5, Gemini 3.1 Pro, and ChatGPT GPT-5.5)...

Qingfang Liu, Qiao Jin, J. Menke et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Uncertainty Quantification for Computer-Use Agents: A Benchmark across Vision-Language Models and GUI Grounding Datasets

Computer-use agents turn vision-language model (VLM) predictions into executable GUI clicks, so reliable uncertainty estimates are essential for rejection, calibration, miss-severity ranking, and spatial safety regions. Yet evidence on post-hoc uncertainty quantification (UQ) for these agents is fragmented across isola...

Divake Kumar, Sina Tayebati, Devashri Naik et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond the Commitment Boundary: Probing Epiphenomenal Chain-of-Thought in Large Reasoning Models

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning is the dominant paradigm for inference-time scaling in language models, yet the causal influence of individual steps on the final answer remains poorly understood. In this work, we use answer logits at the end of each reasoning step to estimate each step's causal importance to the final...

Daniel Scalena, Sara Candussio, Luca Bortolussi et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

GrepSeek: Training Search Agents for Direct Corpus Interaction

Large Language Model (LLM) search agents have shown strong promise on knowledge-intensive tasks through iterative reasoning and retrieval. Most existing systems rely on retrievers that return ranked documents from a pre-built index. We explore a complementary paradigm in which the agent treats the corpus as the search...

Alireza Salemi, Chang Zeng, Atharva Nijasure et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RA-MoE: Routing-Aligned Fine-Tuning for Multilingual Adaptation of Mixture-of-Experts Models

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable efficient LLM scaling, yet adapting them to non-English downstream tasks remains challenging. Standard multilingual fine-tuning largely ignores their heterogeneous routing structure. Across multiple MoE models and tasks, we find strong cross-lingual routing alignment in middle lay...

Guanzhi Deng, Kuan Wu, Haibo Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

CHI-Bench: Can AI Agents Automate End-to-End, Long-Horizon, Policy-Rich Healthcare Workflows?

End-to-end automation of realistic healthcare operations stresses three capabilities underrepresented in current benchmarks: policy density, decisions must be grounded in a large library of medical, insurance, and operational rules; Multi-role composition: a single task requires the agent to play multiple roles with ha...

Haolin Chen, Deon Metelski, Leon Qi et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

WASIL: In-the-Wild Arabic Spoken Interactions with LLMs

Large Language Models (LLMs) voice assistants are commonly built as cascaded Automatic Speech recognition (ASR) to LLM systems, where recognition errors can distort user intent. Dislikes may also arise from ambiguous, out-of-domain, or non-request turns, making it hard to isolate ASR effects. We release WASIL (it denot...

Zien Sheikh Ali, Hamdy Mubarak, Soon-Gyo Jung et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Diagnosing Training Inference Mismatch in LLM Reinforcement Learning via a Zero-Mismatch Reference

Modern LLM RL systems separate rollout generation from policy optimization. These two stages are expected to produce token probabilities that match exactly. However, implementation differences can make them assign different values to the same sequence under the same model weights, inducing Training-Inference Mismatch (...

Tianle Zhong, Neiwen Ling, Yifan Pi et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Speech-based Psychological Crisis Assessment using LLMs

Psychological support hotlines provide critical support for individuals experiencing mental health emergencies, yet current assessments largely rely on human operators whose judgments may vary with professional experience and are constrained by limited staffing resources. This paper proposes a large language model (LLM...

Terumi Chiba, Yang Luo, Ziyun Cui et al. · 0 citations

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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