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natural language processing

7,304 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Speculative Safety Honeypot: Toward Proactive Defense Against Multi-turn Agent Attacks

As Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in complex environments, multi-turn interaction attacks have become a significant security challenge. Existing detection methods typically rely on historical context. However, this retrospective logic struggles to identify deep malicious intents that are sp...

Ze-Zhong Wang, Xue-Yang Tang, Rui Lian et al. · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

From Speech to Editable Concepts: Probing Emotion Recognition with Concept Bottleneck Models

Speech emotion recognition (SER) is the task of assigning emotion labels to utterances. Early systems relied on acoustic features, whereas recent approaches combine multiple modalities, most commonly speech and text. Still, performance remains poor on many datasets. Large language models (LLMs) have therefore attracted...

He-Zhao Zhang, Thomas Hain · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

TTLab at Daleel 2026: STAR-Ar, Sequence Tagging for Argument Recognition in Arabic

Argument Mining (AM) is a critical NLP task that remains significantly under-resourced in Arabic. This paper presents $\testtt{STAR-Ar}$, a BERT-BiLSTM-CRF architecture for argument discourse detection and classification, as our system for Daleel 2026, the inaugural Arabic argument mining shared task. The task requires...

Bhuvanesh Verma, Ali Abusaleh, Alexander Mehler · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Ready2Blend: From Natural-Language Instructions to Composable Alignment Prompts

Continual alignment requires LLMs to adapt to new requirements without forgetting previously acquired behaviors. Natural-language instructions are flexible and composable but offer only indirect control, whereas post-training provides stronger adaptation at the cost of repeated parameter updates. We introduce Ready2Ble...

Jeesu Jung, Hwan Chang, Juseon Do et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Working Around the Compute Ceiling: Byte-Exact Memory in Galahad Makes LLM Reading a One-Time Cost LLM Reading a One-Time Cost

A transformer language model performs a bounded amount of computation per token, and recent work by Vishal Sikka, former CEO of Infosys, argues that this bound limits which tasks a model can carry out or verify (arXiv:2507.07505). We ask how much of the budget beneath that ceiling is spent on work the model has already...

Sietse Schelpe · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Sep 2026

NarrativeSteward: Coordinating Delegation, Guidance, and Verification in Agent-Assisted Interactive Narrative Authoring

Autonomous AI agents can turn authors'goals into interactive narratives by independently organizing and carrying out generation and revision. As agents generate and revise extensive content, authors struggle to grasp its overall structure, local details, and relationships, complicating continued guidance. We present Na...

Wenjin Wang, Jia-Zhen Lei, Yu-Xin Sha et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

RAIM: Robust Aggregation of Inexpensive Models for Hallucination Detection

Automatic evaluation of faithfulness increasingly relies on a large language model acting as a judge, yet the most reliable judges are proprietary frontier models, costly and ill-suited to high-throughput monitoring. We investigate whether a panel of cheap open-weight judges (4--9B) can be aggregated to stand in for a...

Elia Onofri, R. Di Pietro · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

DAGent: Evaluate-then-Grow Planning for Deep Research Agents

Deep research tasks require agents to navigate large knowledge spaces, synthesize evidence across many sources, and adapt their plans as findings emerge. Directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based multi-agent systems suit this setting because they support parallel execution and isolate each sub-task within a focused dependency...

Han-Wen Liu, Yuan-Fu Sun, Qiao-Yu Tan · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

False Frontiers: Diagnosing and Mitigating Co-Cheating in Self-Evolving Search Agents

Self-evolving search agents build their own training curricula by jointly optimizing a proposer that generates questions and a solver that answers them. This closed loop introduces a failure mode we call co-cheating: the proposer and solver increasingly agree on shared errors, so internal reward improves without a matc...

Meijia Chen, Hao Li, Zheng Lu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Beyond Text: LLM-Based Dimensional Emotion Evaluation in Multimodal Dialogue

Emotion recognition in conversation has been widely studied, but applying Large Language Models (LLMs) to continuous dimensional emotion evaluation in multimodal dialogue remains largely unexplored. We propose an LLM-based framework that performs discrete emotion recognition and Valence-Arousal-Dominance (VAD) dimensio...

Yu-Tong Hu, Jin-Ho D. Choi · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Structure vs. Chain-of-Thought: Evaluating LLM Criteria Extraction for Depression Severity

A large language model (LLM) can rate depression severity directly from a social media post or mark which clinical criteria the post shows and let code turn the count into a label. The latter is easier to audit because a clinician can check each marked criterion. We compare these approaches on two Reddit corpora using...

Xin-Kai Chen · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Switching Linear Attention

Designing expressive sequence layers with efficient inference remains a central challenge in modern machine learning. Standard softmax attention achieves excellent sequence modeling performance through rich nonlinear token interactions, but it requires a key-value cache that grows linearly with sequence length, limitin...

Hyun Dong Lee, X. Gonzalez, Nicolas Zucchet et al. · 0 citations

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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