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natural language processing

7,304 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Taming Speculative Search for Test-Time Scaling in LLM Serving

Test-time scaling has recently emerged as a powerful approach for improving LLM reasoning by allocating additional computation during inference, substantially enhancing accuracy on challenging tasks such as mathematics and coding. To accelerate the exploration of reasoning paths, recent studies proposed speculative exe...

Jinwoo Jeong, Woohyun Choi, Myeongjae Jeon et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Anchor-ECC: Local Integrity Checking for Watermarked LLM Outputs via Error-Correcting Codes

LLM watermarking has become an effective approach to distinguishing AI-generated text from human-written text by embedding detectable patterns during generation. However, a small post-generation edit may change the meaning of the text without removing its overall watermark signal, creating a risk that the modified cont...

Ze-Wei Deng, M. Siddeek, Li-Yan Xie et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Tacit-TTS: From Autoregressive Decoding to Masked Prediction for Efficient Transcript-Free Voice Cloning

TTS systems with autoregressive semantic modeling have demonstrated strong zero-shot voice cloning performance and rich expressive variation, but their sequential decoding incurs substantial latency. Non-autoregressive alternatives offer much faster generation, yet often rely on more restrictive reference conditioning,...

Jian Chen, Zhang You, M. Vinton · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

SecureVibe: Making Vibe Coding More Secure

As vibe coding becomes increasingly capable and widespread, security vulnerabilities in even functionally correct solutions are a growing concern. When investigating functionally correct but insecure solutions, we find that the insecure agent is less than half as likely to conduct effective planning and testing for the...

Dan-Qing Wang, Bao-Lin Peng, Zhepei Wei et al. · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LoopVL: Recurrent Visual Intelligence

We introduce LoopVL to study whether Loop Transformers can be effectively extended to vision- language models. LoopVL combines Module-Loop and Model-Loop computation to iteratively update a unified vision-language state through shared modules. We train LoopVL from scratch through language pre-training, multimodal train...

Zhe Qian, Ziyang Gong, Zhongxing Xu et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

The Geometry of Harmfulness in Multi-Turn Attacks

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks that circumvent safety alignment to elicit harmful outputs. It remains unclear how harmfulness and refusal representations evolve over the course of multi-turn attacks, and why single-turn defenses are less effective in multi-turn settings. This work...

Yelyzaveta Husieva, Lauren Alvarez · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

TALK-Dem: Benchmarking Embodied Task Planning under Dementia-Associated Communication Patterns

Existing LLM-driven robot task planners rely on a taken-for-granted assumption of an ideal user whose instructions are clear, complete, and task-focused. However, when interacting with real-world users, especially those experiencing cognitive impairments, such as people living with dementia (PLWD), the planners often m...

Guang-Sheng Zhao, Yi-Ran Hu, Yuan Cao et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Multi-agent discussion gains less when dissent is withheld

Multi-agent systems of LLMs add discussion to majority voting and are therefore expected to be more capable. However, empirical reports conflict on whether discussion improves accuracy or leads to an incorrect consensus. Here, we introduce a parsimonious model that explains when discussion improves accuracy and when it...

Chand Sahil Mansuri, Xin Wang, Meng-Ying Li et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

HARDE: Optimizing Agent Harnesses for Runtime Risk Detection and Execution Control

Large language model (LLM) agents are vulnerable to safety risks such as injected malicious instructions or misleading information, motivating runtime defenses that prevent unsafe action in execution across diverse risks while preserving benign-task utility. Existing system-level defenses either focus on risk detection...

Zhuo Liu, Mo-Xin Li, Zhi-Xin Ma et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

When Does a Spoken Agent Have Enough Evidence to Act? The PACT-SLM Contract Test

Streaming spoken agents may take an external action before the available speech supports it, yet final-turn scores do not reveal whether each observed prefix supports that action. We introduce the Partial Speech Action Contract for Turn Taking in Speech Language Models (PACT-SLM), a controlled evaluation that assigns a...

Meng-Zhe Geng · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

EvoDuet: Bilevel Co-Evolution of Web Searching and Task Solving for Scientific Discovery

Evolutionary search with large language models (LLMs) can stall when progress requires external knowledge the model lacks. Supplying relevant documents helps, but simply adding web search tool can keep returning the same pages as solutions change. We introduce EvoDuet, a bi-level optimization method that co-evolves sol...

Young-Jun Lee, Jinheon Baek, Soyeong Jeong et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Provably Tractable NFA-Constrained Language Generation via HMMs

Constrained generation aims to sample from language models (LMs) conditioned on hard constraints. Existing constrained-generation techniques for nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) constraints either distort the distribution or sacrifice efficiency. Theoretically, this task reduces to counting the length-$n$ sequen...

Jialiang Sun, Kuldeep Meel · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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