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natural language processing

6,756 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Where MLLMs Fail and Why: Causal Task Decomposition for Capability Failure Diagnosis

End-to-end accuracy on compositional tasks records how often MLLMs fail, but cannot distinguish whether a failure reflects an intrinsic deficit in the targeted capability or a cascading error from an upstream prerequisite. We propose a causal decomposition framework that isolates these two failure modes through control...

Xia Hu, Brian Potetz, Chun-Ta Lu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Sep 2026

BARRAC: Adaptation of an English Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis Approach for Classification Tasks in Arabic Dialects

With the rapid growth of Arabic NLP, several models, datasets and benchmarks have been reported. This paper asks whether approaches developed for majority languages like English can be adapted to Arabic tasks. We adapt an English aspect-based sentiment analysis framework to Arabic classification tasks and present the a...

Ali Almutairi, Gelareh Mohammadi, Imran Razzak et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

StateTree: Enhancing Long-Term Dialogue Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning

Large language models deployed as personalized assistants must reason over long, evolving interaction histories. However, in long-term dialogue reasoning, relevant evidence is scattered across sessions, preferences may be revised over time, and standard long-context training fails to address these challenges under data...

Na-En Xu, Wan-Qing Cui, Yi-Bo Hu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Uncovering Uncontrolled Repetition through Residual Stream Dynamics

Uncontrolled repetition can prolong autoregressive generation in large language models (LLMs) and enable resource consumption attacks. Prior analyses of repetitive generation have identified strongly activated features in intermediate and late layers. However, how uncontrolled repetition activity emerges and develops b...

Yuanhe Zhang, Xinyao Zhou, Haoran Gao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Evaluating Persistent Calibration under Evolving Model Knowledge

As AI systems move from static repositories to agents that are capable of continual adaptation and learning, maintaining their trustworthiness means equipping the models backing them with the ability to produce confidence estimates that dynamically reflect their changing skills and knowledge. We introduce the problem o...

Victor Wang, Thomas Hofweber, Mohit Bansal et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Breaking Babel: A Self-Evolving Multi-Agent System for Long-Form Subtitle Translation

Long-form subtitle translation requires reasoning over discourse and cultural context spanning episodes or entire series, while maintaining consistent terminology and style. Existing single-LLM methods are largely sentence-level, and multi-agent systems often use static workflows that do not adapt to scene complexity o...

Hai-Bo Jin, Xin-Jie Li, N. Sadoughi et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Oracle Communication: Benchmarking Interactive Intent Alignment Under Miscommunication and Evolving User Intent

Modern LLM agents increasingly tackle complex tasks through interactive, long-horizon exchanges with users, while existing benchmarks generally assume that users always accurately and sufficiently communicate a fixed intent. However, this oracle communication assumption rarely holds in practice: users may miscommunicat...

Zheyuan Zhang, Mengyuan Chao, Ke Xiao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Prompt2Skill: Unsupervised Skill Optimization From Natural Language Instructions

Skills are external artifacts that Large Language Models (LLMs) consume at inference time to improve their performance on specialized domains by incorporating relevant procedural and domain knowledge. Expert-authored skills are expensive to produce, and the resulting artifacts are not optimized for the specific model t...

B. Ni, Li Li, Ryan A. Rossi et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Personalized State-Transition-Aware Memory for Clinical Agents

Large language model (LLM) agents that reason over clinical records must track changes in a patient's state while preserving the history needed to understand them. Simply accumulating memories leaves it unclear which information still applies, whereas overwriting earlier memories can erase evidence needed to reconstruc...

Maryam Haghifam, Zahra Rajabi, Yi-Zhou Sun et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

KlinikeBench: Evaluating Language Models Beyond Diagnostic Accuracy

Most clinical benchmarks evaluate language models (LMs) on diagnosis using complete case descriptions. In clinical practice, however, patients present information in different ways, and clinicians must obtain relevant history and determine which examinations are needed before reaching a diagnosis. Diagnostic accuracy a...

Xu Fang, Zehui Li, Yang Yang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

The Backdrop Exposes What the World Around an Agent Costs It

Agent benchmarks test agents in worlds that stay still. Deployed agents work in worlds that other people also change. Someone texts the agent to send the money elsewhere or an order confirmation asks it to reply with a door code. We present BACKDROP, which asks how much of an agent's capability in a clean world survive...

Nusrat Jahan Lia, Shubhashis Roy Dipta · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

What Pretraining and Midtraining Make Learnable from Rewards?

A reward can identify a correct answer while leaving the computation needed for new inputs undetermined. We study how pretraining and midtraining supply the information and computation that make reward adaptation effective. In sequential state computation and contextual memory, we characterize mechanisms that agree on...

Chi-Wun Yang, Xiao-Yu Li · 0 citations

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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