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natural language processing

6,756 papers

#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Distribution Matching Distillation for Continuous Diffusion Language Models

Continuous diffusion language models generate all tokens in parallel, yet high-quality generation can still require hundreds of network evaluations (NFEs). We study how distributional distillation can reduce this cost by exploiting the student's probabilistic token outputs. Our unified formulation connects the student'...

Paul Le Van Kiem, Dario Shariatian, Umut Simsekli et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Cheap to Draw, Expensive to Trust: Certifying Test-Time Scaling Curves

Sampling several answers and keeping the one a verifier scores highest is one of the simplest ways to buy accuracy at test time. Its effect is reported as a scaling curve: accuracy against the number $k$ of sampled answers. The curve is cheap to draw and expensive to trust. A budget read off it is chosen after looking...

S. Sarkar, S. Baichoo · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Learning Functional Subspaces for Neural Network Compression

Modern transformers pair impressive capabilities with substantial memory and compute demands. Low-rank weight factorization reduces both while keeping the matrices dense, and thus efficient on standard hardware. Existing methods, however, choose the subspace to remove from each weight matrix with local closed-form crit...

Massimo Bini, Anders Christensen, S. Alaniz et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

LARC: Low-Rank Adaptive Residual Connections for Learning in Frozen Models

Low-Rank Adaptive Residual Connections (LARC) give a frozen model a compact numerical state that can learn from feedback. The map $h+BAh$ adds a low-rank correction to a hidden representation. A slow state $\rho$ learns starting factors across tasks; a private fast state $\Phi$ copies them, changes with feedback, and r...

Jun-Yi Zou, Avrova Donz · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

RoPE at the End of Its Rope? Theory, Diagnosis, and Mitigation of Long-Context Failures

Long-context failures of RoPE-based language models can arise from RoPE's intrinsic tradeoff between maintaining stable token preferences and distinguishing nearby positions. Determining which weakness to address, and how, requires a more precise characterization of RoPE's behavior in trained models across context leng...

Yu-Yang Wu, Yu-Feng Du, Hao Peng · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When the Right Answer Is Missing: An Arithmetic-Dependent Rejection Bottleneck in Jev

Typed decision models such as Jev offer an efficient alternative to generative LLMs in decision-making workflows by selecting directly from predefined options. When candidate sets contain no valid answer, TypeSafe recommends including an "other" or "none-of-the-above" option to enable rejection. In this report, however...

Jike Zhong, Ming Li, Yuxiang Lai · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Tilted Bowl Is Not a Slippery Slope: Compressing Looped Models

Looped models reason by applying the same block of weights many times, so compressing that block saves memory traffic on every loop. Compressed looped models, however, often collapse, and the collapse is usually blamed on rounding error that accumulates from loop to loop. In this work we test that account on more than...

Steven Kolawole, Pearse Jim, Opegbemi M. Busoye et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

K2P: Label-Free Knowledge to Prompt Distillation

Knowledge distillation can transfer reasoning from stronger teachers to frozen students through reusable prompts, but avoiding weight updates does not eliminate supervision. Without ground-truth answers, teacher solutions are unverified, and agreement with the teacher can reward shared mistakes. We introduce Knowledge-...

Yingchuan Zhang, Haoran Lu, Wenxuan Zhong et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Blackboard Intelligence Can Surpass Autoregressive on Globally Constrained Problems

Next-token prediction has driven remarkable progress in large language models, yet a growing body of evidence suggests that they can struggle on problems governed by complex global constraints. In this work, we focus on this regime and ask whether some of these limitations arise from the inference interface induced by...

Woosang Jeon, Jaeyeon Kim, S. Kakade et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Aug 2026

Do AI chatbots find what experts would? Effects of model, user role, and sample size on study retrieval for medical questions

Large language model (LLM) chatbots are increasingly used to answer clinical questions with citations to relevant studies, yet the quality of retrieved evidence and factors influencing study selection remain unclear. We evaluated three general-purpose LLM chatbots (Claude Sonnet 5, Gemini 3.1 Pro, and ChatGPT GPT-5.5)...

Qingfang Liu, Qiao Jin, J. Menke et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Uncertainty Quantification for Computer-Use Agents: A Benchmark across Vision-Language Models and GUI Grounding Datasets

Computer-use agents turn vision-language model (VLM) predictions into executable GUI clicks, so reliable uncertainty estimates are essential for rejection, calibration, miss-severity ranking, and spatial safety regions. Yet evidence on post-hoc uncertainty quantification (UQ) for these agents is fragmented across isola...

Divake Kumar, Sina Tayebati, Devashri Naik et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond the Commitment Boundary: Probing Epiphenomenal Chain-of-Thought in Large Reasoning Models

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning is the dominant paradigm for inference-time scaling in language models, yet the causal influence of individual steps on the final answer remains poorly understood. In this work, we use answer logits at the end of each reasoning step to estimate each step's causal importance to the final...

Daniel Scalena, Sara Candussio, Luca Bortolussi et al. · 0 citations

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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