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natural language processing

6,757 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Actions with Receipts: Jointly Binding Claims, Evidence, and Execution for Replayable Tool-Agent Auditing

Tool-using agents can expose citations and execution logs while leaving a critical association unaudited: whether the claim shown to a user is the claim emitted by the committed execution and supported by the cited source. A valid citation and a valid trace can therefore remain individually well formed while being tran...

Miao-Bo Hu, Shu-Hao Hu, Xiao-Bo Guo et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

DuplexSpeechBench-Document Grounding: Benchmarking Document Grounding and Hallucinations in Voice Agents

Voice agents enable low-latency, natural interaction, yet their ability to faithfully ground responses in external documents remains underexplored. We introduce DuplexSpeechBench-Document Grounding (DSB-DG), a benchmark for evaluating document grounding in voice agents across five professional domains. DSB-DG targets t...

Puneet Mathur, Nedim Lipka, Zeyu Jin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Open access Sep 2026

Tokenized Key-Gated Adapter Routing: A Secure Access Control Mechanism Against Private Data Leakage in LLMs

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in privacy-critical domains (e.g., healthcare, finance, and government), but their propensity to memorize and disclose personally identifiable information (PII) poses serious security and compliance risks. Existing defenses typically force a trade-off between model...

M. Shaaban, Mohamed Elmahallawy · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Certainty Is Not Just Correctness: Rethinking Token-Level Certainty in LLM Reasoning

Token-level certainty is widely used as a proxy for correctness in LLM training and inference. However, the performance of certainty-based methods depends both on the information in certainty scores and on how those scores are used. We therefore directly assess certainty's predictive ability through controlled empirica...

Yun-Fan Zhou, Ye Zhu, Zhi-Hai Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Signed Lexical Confidence for Risk-Calibrated Intent Routing

Selective intent routing allows an assistant to act on reliable predictions while deferring uncertain requests. Standard confidence scores primarily reflect the base model's representation, leaving an opportunity to incorporate complementary evidence without changing its decisions. We introduce a signed lexical gate th...

Yezhou Cheng, Zehua Yang, Bojun Lin · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

CAVE-Mem: Boundary-Aware Experience Validation for Memory Search

Long-term memory agents increasingly rely on it- erative search and reusable experience to answer questions over large personal, factual, or narrative histories. However, current experience-memory systems largely optimize relevance: they re- trieve past search lessons that appear similar to the current state and inject...

Xin-Yu Li · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

BudgetSchemaBench: A Budget-Swept Diagnostic for Schema Context in Text-to-SQL

Data agents over structured sources must fit database schema into the model's context window. Large catalogs can span many databases and thousands of columns, so cost constraints may require choosing between table coverage and serialization detail well before the context window is full. We introduce BudgetSchemaBench,...

Chen Shen · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Legal text classification in Korean sexual offense cases: from traditional machine learning to large language models with XAI insights

The advancement of natural language processing (NLP) has expanded AI-based text classification in the legal domain. However, accurately classifying legal documents remains challenging due to the complexity of legal texts and subtle differences between legal categories. This study evaluates legal text classification mod...

Jeongmin Lee · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Pushing CPU Speech Synthesis to the Wall: Extreme Inference Tuning under Serverless Architecture and Billing

Instance-billed serverless platforms charge for CPU and memory over the lifetime of a warm instance, making idle inference state a direct serving cost. We present billing-aware neural text-to-speech (TTS) serving on serverless CPUs, optimizing CPU-seconds and GB-seconds rather than throughput or latency alone. Conventi...

Pakorn Nathong, Kunat Pipatanakul · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

The First Token Is Not the Verdict: Hidden Costs of Reading LLM Judges Without Generating

Reading an LLM judge's verdict from the logits of its first generated token is cheap, requires no generation, and is exactly what constrained decoding and likelihood-scoring evaluation harnesses produce. We show that this readout distorts position bias in one direction: it overstates it in every condition we test, so f...

Gnaneswar Villuri, Hashmath Shaik, Alex Doboli · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Ask a Language Model for Lottery Numbers: Concentration in Repeated Six-of-49 Outputs

We evaluate six language-model configurations on requests for six distinct random integers from 1-49. Across 1,200 attempted calls using four English prompt variants, 1,184 responses yielded valid tickets. Effective diversity of number frequencies ranged from 9.9 to 18.0, compared with simulated fifth-percentile thresh...

Dmitrij \.Zatuchin · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

On-Device Named-Entity Recognition: A Deployability Study of Accuracy, Cost, Reliability, and Confidence

Named-entity recognition (NER) is increasingly wanted on-device (no API, low latency, data kept local). The practitioner's question is not the leaderboard but which model is deployable, how to evaluate it without human annotation, and whether its confidence can be trusted. We answer these jointly. We place nine systems...

Vinay Kumar Chaganti · 0 citations

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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