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natural language processing

6,757 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

UniGuardian: A Unified Defense for Detecting Prompt Injection, Backdoor Attacks and Adversarial Attacks in Large Language Models

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to attacks like prompt injection, backdoor attacks, and adversarial attacks, which manipulate prompts or models to generate harmful outputs. In this paper, departing from traditional deep learning attack paradigms, we explore their intrinsic relationship and collectively term...

Huawei Lin, Yingjie Lao, Tony Geng et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The Confidence Shortcut: A Reasoning Failure Mode of Masked Diffusion Models

Chain-of-thought reasoning helps autoregressive models solve complex problems by generating intermediate steps that support later predictions. Masked diffusion models (MDMs) offer a similar opportunity through arbitrary-order generation: they can ideally reveal intermediate results along logical dependencies. In practi...

Dueun Kim, Albert No · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Senses Wide Shut: A Representation-Action Gap in Omnimodal LLMs

When an omnimodal large language model accepts a question whose textual premise contradicts what it actually sees or hears, does the failure lie in perception or in action? Recent omnimodal models are positioned as perception-grounded agents that jointly process video, audio, and text, yet a basic form of grounding rem...

Trung Nguyen Quang, Yiming Gao, Fanyi Pu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AstroAgentBench: Evaluating Agentic Planning on Space Mission Planning Tasks

Recent LLM-for-Space systems address mission planning, scheduling, operations support, simulator control, and autonomy, but their evaluations use different task contracts, control settings, simulators, and success criteria. We introduce AstroAgentBench, a seven-family benchmark for executable space mission planning in...

Weiyi Wang, Xinchi Chen, Jingjing Gong et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A framework for auditing grounding claims

The symbol grounding problem asks how a token such as cat can be about cats. We propose a framework for auditing grounding claims against a declared semantic standard. The audit reports measurements and evidence, with overall verdicts conditional on explicit acceptance criteria. Its profiles assess accuracy, robustness...

Daniel Quigley, Eric Maynard · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LLM-based Agentic Reasoning Frameworks: A Survey from Methods to Scenarios

Recent advances in LLM-based agents highlight the importance of their reasoning frameworks, which guide the problem-solving process in diverse ways. This survey introduces a unified formal language to systematically categorize these frameworks at three compositional levels: single-agent, tool-based, and multi-agent met...

Bingxi Zhao, Lin Geng Foo, Ping Hu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MMMG: a Comprehensive and Reliable Benchmark for Multitask Multimodal Generation

Automatically evaluating multimodal generation presents a significant challenge, as automated metrics often struggle to align with human evaluation, especially for complex tasks that involve multiple modalities. We present MMMG, the first benchmark to bring the verifiable-task paradigm to multimodal generation, spannin...

Jihan Yao, Yushi Hu, Wenyuan Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

KaliBench: A Fine-Grained Benchmark for Cybersecurity Tool Use on Kali Linux with Runtime-Free Verifiable Rewards

LLMs are increasingly applied to cybersecurity workflows, where they are expected to translate analysts'intent into tool invocations. However, existing evaluations focus on knowledge-based assessments or end-to-end agentic tasks, and do not directly measure LLMs'ability to generate executable commands for real-world cy...

Peng-Fei Li, Naufal Suryanto, Si-Cheng Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Hierarchical Continuous Diffusion Language Models

Discrete diffusion language models offer a compelling alternative to autoregressive generation for tasks demanding bidirectional reasoning and global constraint satisfaction. Yet they share a structural bottleneck: when decoding in parallel, each token is sampled independently from its marginal, severing the statistica...

Hui Ren, Zi-Han Li, Chang Liu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

From Knowledge Access to Source Learning: Developing Source-Specific Competence

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on persistent external sources to solve sequences of knowledge-intensive tasks. Existing methods improve how source content is accessed and organized, while agent-memory systems preserve reusable knowledge from prior interactions, but repeated use of the same source i...

Lucheng Fu, Kejing Xia, Yiyang Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Finetuning with Sampling: SFT Learns Better Than You Think

Introducing new capabilities to frontier models has long been the goal of posttraining, which predominantly employs supervised finetuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning (RL) to this end. Conventional wisdom dictates that RL enables strong generalization on new tasks without losing existing capabilities, while SFT is...

Aayush Karan, Si-Tan Chen, Yi-Lun Du · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Oct 2026

Argo-Bench: Evaluating Data Agents on Enterprise-Scale Workflows

Real-world enterprise data science and analytics workflows require reasoning across dozens of tables, performing statistical analyses, and acting on the results. Established text-to-SQL benchmarks evaluate query generation alone, and audits have found their answer keys frequently wrong. Because real enterprise warehous...

Gabriel Tomitsuka, Arman Raayatsanati, Emily Xing et al. · 0 citations

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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