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machine learning

15,848 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

There are Levels to It: Red Teaming Dialogue With Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning

Red teaming is essential for securing Large Language Models, yet current automated methods remain limited by templates and single-turn attacks. To simulate the complex, interactive nature of real-world adversarial attacks, we introduce a novel red teaming paradigm designed to maximize expected cumulative harm through s...

Roman Belaire, Arunesh Sinha, Pradeep Varakantham · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Physics-Informed Graph Neural Networks to Reconstruct Local Fields Considering Finite Strain Hyperelasticity

We propose a physics-informed machine learning framework called P-DivGNN to reconstruct local stress fields at the micro-scale, in the context of multi-scale simulation given a periodic micro-structure mesh and mean, macro-scale, stress values. This method is based in representing a periodic micro-structure as a graph,...

Manuel Ricardo Guevara Garban, Yves Chemisky, \'Etienne Pruli\`ere et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Curriculum-Adapted Robust Reinforcement Learning for UAV Deconfliction in Adversarial Environments

Autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) increasingly rely on reinforcement learning (RL) for navigation, yet global navigation satellite system (GNSS) spoofing attacks can induce out-of-distribution observation shifts that corrupt value estimation and degrade mission performance. Existing robust RL methods often lac...

Deepak Kumar Panda, Adolfo Perrusquia, Weisi Guo · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RCStat: A Statistical Framework for using Relative Contextualization in Transformers

Identifying which tokens and activations truly influence model predictions is critical for both the efficiency and interpretability of large auto-regressive language models. Yet in practice, token importance is typically inferred from attention distributions that entangle contextual relevance with softmax-normalization...

Debabrata Mahapatra, Shubham Agarwal, Apoorv Saxena et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Co-Creative Learning via Metropolis-Hastings Interaction between Humans and AI

We propose co-creative learning as a novel paradigm where humans and AI, i.e., biological and artificial agents, mutually integrate their partial perceptual information and knowledge to construct shared external representations, a process we interpret as symbol emergence. Unlike traditional AI teaching based on unilate...

Ryota Okumura, Tadahiro Taniguchi, Akira Taniguchi et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

GUARD: Guided Unlearning and Retention via Data Attribution for Large Language Models

Unlearning large language models (LLMs) is important due to copyright and privacy concerns. A key challenge is unintended forgetting, where removing data inadvertently impairs model utility. While prior work has focused on architectural innovations, the influence of data-level factors remains underexplored. We introduc...

Peizhi Niu, Evelyn Ma, Boya Hou et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Benchmarks Are Not Atomic: Composition-Aware LLM Evaluation using BenchHub

LLM benchmarks are often treated as coherent measurement units, yet they are heterogeneous collections of instances spanning diverse domains, skills, formats, and contexts. As a result, aggregate benchmark scores can conflate model capability with benchmark composition, obscuring what existing benchmarks actually cover...

Eunsu Kim, Haneul Yoo, Guijin Son et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Towards Understanding Deep Learning Model in Image Recognition via Coverage Test

Deep neural networks (DNNs) play a crucial role in the field of artificial intelligence, and their security-related testing has been a prominent research focus. By inputting test cases, the behavior of models is examined for anomalies, and coverage metrics are utilized to determine the extent of neurons covered by thes...

Wenkai Li, Xiaoqi Li, Yingjie Mao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Graph Neural Network-Based Reinforcement Learning for Controlling Biological Networks - the GATTACA Framework

Cellular reprogramming, the artificial transformation of one cell type into another, has been attracting increasing research attention due to its therapeutic potential for complex diseases. However, identifying effective reprogramming strategies through classical wet-lab experiments is hindered by lengthy time commitme...

Andrzej Mizera, Jakub Zarzycki · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Toxicity Is a Property of Communicative Events: A Contextual Stress Measurement Framework for NLP

Toxicity detection has become core safety infrastructure for online moderation, dataset filtering, and deployed language-model systems. Yet most detectors still treat toxicity as an intrinsic property of isolated text. This position paper argues that toxicity detection should be evaluated as the contextual measurement...

Sergei Berezin, Reza Farahbakhsh, Noel Crespi · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Natural Language Generation from Visual Events: State-of-the-Art and Key Open Questions

In recent years, a substantial body of work in visually grounded natural language processing has focused on real-life multimodal scenarios such as describing content depicted in images or videos. However, comparatively less attention has been devoted to studying the nature and degree of interaction between the differen...

Aditya K Surikuchi, Raquel Fern\'andez, Sandro Pezzelle · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Feb 2025

Open Foundation Models in Healthcare: Challenges, Paradoxes, and Opportunities with GenAI Driven Personalized Prescription

A comprehensive survey and a taxonomy of state-of-the-art open LLMs and AIFMs for clinical tasks and a subjective evaluation of LLM-driven personalized prescriptions are provided, highlighting the importance of responsible and transparent deployment in healthcare contexts.

Mahdi Alkaeed, Sofiat Abioye, Adnan Qayyum et al. · 7 citations · ⚡1

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 23, 2026

Q&A: How AI came to model the “messy” human mind

Assistant Professor Benjamin Lindquist studies how engineers deliberately injected randomness into early AI, giving rise to deep-learning models that sometimes hallucinate.

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