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12,815 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

PiERN: Token-Level Routing for Integrating High-Precision Computation and Reasoning

Tasks on complex systems require high-precision numerical computation to support decisions. However, current large language models (LLMs), even with enhanced reasoning capabilities, cannot integrate such computations as an intrinsic and interpretable capability with existing architectures. To this end, we propose Physi...

Jingyuan Fan, Purui Liu, Hengbo Xiao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Cross-Modality Controlled Molecule Generation with Diffusion Language Model

The increasing variety of molecular data creates a need for generative models that can flexibly incorporate heterogeneous constraints across modalities. However, existing SMILES-based diffusion models are typically designed for a fixed conditioning modality, and introducing new constraints often requires retraining the...

Yunzhe Zhang, Yifei Wang, Khanh Vinh Nguyen et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Direct Regret Optimization in Bayesian Optimization

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a powerful paradigm for optimizing expensive black-box functions. Traditional BO methods typically rely on separate hand-crafted acquisition functions and surrogate models for the underlying function, and often operate in a myopic manner. In this paper, we propose a novel direct regret opt...

Fengxue Zhang, Yuxin Chen · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Time-o1: Time-Series Forecasting Needs Transformed Label Alignment

Training time-series forecasting models poses unique challenges in loss function design. Most existing approaches adopt temporal mean squared error, but this study reveals two critical limitations: (1) it ignores the presence of label autocorrelation, which biases it from the true label sequence likelihood; (2) it invo...

Hao Wang, Licheng Pan, Zhichao Chen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

KO: Kinetics-inspired Neural Optimizer with PDE Simulation Approaches

The design of effective optimization algorithms for neural networks remains a fundamental challenge, and most existing methods rely on heuristic extensions of gradient-based updates. We introduce KO (Kinetics-inspired Optimizer), a plug-and-play optimization module grounded in kinetic theory and partial differential eq...

Mingquan Feng, Yixin Huang, Yifan Fu et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Causal Effect Estimation under Networked Interference without Networked Unconfoundedness Assumption

Estimating causal effects under networked interference from observational data is a crucial yet challenging problem. Most existing methods mainly rely on the networked unconfoundedness assumption, which guarantees the identification of networked effects. However, this assumption is often violated due to the latent conf...

Weilin Chen, Ruichu Cai, Jie Qiao et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Convergence of Sharpness-Aware Minimization Algorithms using Increasing Batch Size and Decaying Learning Rate

The sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) algorithm and its variants, including gap guided SAM (GSAM), have been successful at improving the generalization capability of deep neural network models by finding flat local minima of the empirical loss in training. Meanwhile, it has been shown theoretically and practically tha...

Hinata Harada, Hideaki Iiduka · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

FreDF: Learning to Forecast in the Frequency Domain

Time series modeling presents unique challenges due to autocorrelation in both historical data and future sequences. While current research predominantly addresses autocorrelation within historical data, the correlations among future labels are often overlooked. Specifically, modern forecasting models primarily adhere...

Hao Wang, Licheng Pan, Zhichao Chen et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Probabilistic Truly Unordered Rule Sets

Rule set learning has recently been frequently revisited because of its interpretability. Existing methods have several shortcomings though. First, most existing methods impose orders among rules, either explicitly or implicitly, which makes the models less comprehensible. Second, due to the difficulty of handling conf...

Lincen Yang, Matthijs van Leeuwen · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Fast, Interpretable, and Deterministic Time Series Classification With a Bag-of-Receptive-Fields

The current trend in the literature on Time Series Classification is to develop increasingly accurate algorithms by combining multiple models in ensemble hybrids, representing time series in complex and expressive feature spaces, and extracting features from different representations of the same time series. As a conse...

Francesco Spinnato, Riccardo Guidotti, Anna Monreale et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

QF3: Fast Flow RL with Filtered Q-Gradients

Flow policies have become a standard policy class for learning robot behaviors from demonstrations, but reinforcement learning is still critical for improving pre-trained flow policies or learning them from scratch through interaction. We introduce QF3 (Fast Flow RL with Filtered Q-Gradients), an online off-policy RL a...

Chung Min Kim, Brent Yi, David McAllister et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AdvSim2Real : Training Web Agents Against Adaptive Prompt Injection in a Web World Model

Web agents complete user requests by reading and acting on pages that third parties write, so an instruction planted on a page can redirect the agent away from the user's goal. The agent cannot simply ignore the page, because the page also holds the values and controls the task requires. Current defenses fine-tune the...

Sarim Hashmi, Mukul Ranjan, Kshitij Mishra et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 7, 2026

Discovering the value of humanistic inquiry

Students in MIT’s Concourse program delve deeply into the human condition, debate challenging questions, and learn to develop judgment about issues that can’t be quantified.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 7, 2026

Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses

Training AI agents with reinforcement learning can be challenging because their tools, context, and decision-making are managed by complex frameworks. Agent Lightning connects existing agents to RL training, making it easier to improve them without rebuilding them. The post Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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