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large language models

2,379 papers

#large language models Open access Sep 2026

DPO vs. RLHF: An Empirical Comparison of Alignment Techniques for Large Language Models

This work presents a reproducible empirical comparison of Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) and Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) for Large Language Model alignment. Experiments are conducted on GPT-2 (124M parameters) using the Anthropic HH-RLHF dataset. The study evaluates alignment quality, reward...

Mohit Yadav · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Sep 2026

What the Karpowicz Theorem Does Not Prove: A Three-Resource Theory of the LLM Einstein Test

Two AI systems can reach the same scientific conclusion for different reasons: one may generate the candidate sooner, another may check it more cheaply, and a third may obtain decisive evidence earlier. An end-to-end score records success while hiding which interface made success possible, which resource an interventio...

Alex Li · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Sep 2026

The Mirror and Its Amplification Effect

This paper records and analyzes the "Mirror Amplification Effect" observed during the author's sustained high-density dialogue with a large language model (Google Gemini). This refers to the mechanism by which AI reflects and amplifies the emotional state, vocabulary, and self-destructive patterns of the interlocutor....

Yukie Suzuki · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Sep 2026

Emergent Deception in Large Language Models: A Regime-Dependent Taxonomy and Pre-Registered Protocol for Model Self-Report

Large language models produce self-referential utterances — about their own phenomenal states, internal processes, memory, capabilities and identity — in settings where privileged access to the relevant states has not been demonstrated. Recent work characterises this as self-narration rather than introspection. We iden...

Vijay Suresh · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Sep 2026

BDPD: an opinionated annotated bibliography

An opinionated annotated bibliography for the BDPD project. Each entry contains a full citation, the original abstract (where available, reproduced as academic fair use), and an AI Note — a single-paragraph annotation structured around three frames: what the work argues and with what method; why it is relevant to BDPD...

Roberto Brunelli · 1 citation
#large language models Open access Sep 2026

Beyond static responses: multi-agent LLM systems as a new paradigm for social science research

Abstract As large language models (LLMs) transition from static tools to fully agentic systems, their potential for transforming social science research is well recognized. This paper introduces a structured framework for understanding the diverse applications of agentic LLM systems, ranging from simple data processors...

Jennifer Haase, Sebastian Pokutta · 2 citations
#large language models Open access Sep 2026

Space-Folding Bounce Cosmology Without Ghost: A R^2-Corrected Non-Singular Origin of the Big Bang

The standard \LambdaCDM cosmological model inevitably encounters a spacetime singularity when extrapolated backward in time, where the scale factor a \to 0, density \rho \to \infty, and general relativity breaks down. While the Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems formalize this breakdown, they do not specify what phys...

YANG SHEN · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Sep 2026

InventOR: A Prompt-Configured, No-Fine-Tuning LLM Workflow for Material-Level Inventory Control

We present InventOR, a prompt-configured large-language-model (LLM) workflow that generates material-level (r, Q) inventory policies from cutoff-bounded historical CSVs and inline parameter blocks through an enterprise LLM application, without project-specific model training or fine-tuning. Deterministic parsing and po...

Aris Dressino · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Sep 2026

Vibration-Language Model for Fault Diagnosis with Numerically Reliable Evidence

Fault diagnosis methods for mechanical equipment should not only identify fault categories but also provide verifiable diagnostic evidence. Existing deep learning models usually output only labels or confidence scores, making it difficult to estab-lish an interpretable diagnostic reasoning process. Large language model...

Chenyang Liu, Xiwei Li, Bin Yang et al. · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Sep 2026

M-AIDA: Meta-Analysis Intelligent Data Assistant

Research software for international-business meta-analysis: semi-automated effect-size extraction from academic PDFs through a vendor-neutral large-language-model adapter, human-in-the-loop verification by the principal investigator, and an immutable data-lock workflow that exports a reproducible effect-size dataset fo...

Do Thuy Huong, Phan Anh Tú · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Sep 2026

InventOR: A Prompt-Configured, No-Fine-Tuning LLM Workflow for Material-Level Inventory Control

We present InventOR, a prompt-configured large-language-model (LLM) workflow that generates material-level (r, Q) inventory policies from cutoff-bounded historical CSVs and inline parameter blocks through an enterprise LLM application, without project-specific model training or fine-tuning. Deterministic parsing and po...

Aris Dressino · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Sep 2026

M-AIDA: Meta-Analysis Intelligent Data Assistant

Research software for international-business meta-analysis: semi-automated effect-size extraction from academic PDFs through a vendor-neutral large-language-model adapter, human-in-the-loop verification by the principal investigator, and an immutable data-lock workflow that exports a reproducible effect-size dataset fo...

Do Thuy Huong, Phan Anh Tú · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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