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artificial intelligence

14,192 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

From Expected Harmfulness to Likelihood: A Probabilistic Reformulation of Jailbreaking LLM Agents

When the harmfulness of an LLM agent's output can be quantified, a natural jailbreaking objective is to maximize expected harmfulness over admissible input modifications. An alternative approach constructs or selects harmful target outputs and modifies the input to increase their likelihood. We establish a precise conn...

Juanyang Xu, Zheng Wang, Xingyu Zhao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Successive Training Stages and Large Language Model Persuasion: Effects of Misalignment, Supervised Fine-Tuning, and Preference Optimization

Large language models (LLMs) can be tuned to influence human attitudes, yet the respective contributions of successive post-training stages remain un-clear. This study examines how three successive training stages affect LLM persuasiveness: (1) misalignment through supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on conspiracy data, (2) a...

Antony Dalmiere (LAAS-TRUST), Pascal Marchand (LAAS-TRUST, INSA Toulouse) et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AgentTime: Can Agents Estimate and Control Their Own Runtime?

An essential control of AI agents is their ability to manage runtime. This ability requires a sense of time-awareness, to predict and estimate wall-clock time and to control their own actions. Prior work has focused on time-awareness, but duration-following and control in native agent harnesses remain unexplored. We pr...

Michael Ofengenden, Maksym Andriushchenko · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Where Can a Decision Model Diagnose HVAC Faults? Reasoning Demand, Physical Representation, and Robustness Under Shift

Artificial intelligence supports building operations in several forms, each with its own barrier. Expert rules must be tuned for every system, supervised models need labeled data that buildings rarely record, and language models return free text that requires human-in-the-loop checking, since their stated confidence is...

Wooyoung Jung · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

NL2Hull: A Natural Language-Driven Constrained Ship Design Decision Framework

Ship-form design combines smooth geometric representation, local shape editing, and constraints on the resulting hull. We present the Natural-Language-to-Hull Framework (NL2Hull Framework), which formulates ship-form editing as a typed discrete decision problem and connects language decisions to numerical geometry. Its...

Wenhua Huo, Fenglei Han, Wangyuan Zhao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Outperformance Inverse Optimization: Learning Objective Functions that Outperform Agent Decisions

Inverse optimization estimates the weights of an objective function that explain observed decisions as optimal solutions, and is used in a variety of fields. For mixed-integer linear programs (MILPs), existing methods aim to reproduce the observations as optimal solutions, and thus learn compromise weights when the obs...

Akira Kitaoka · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Think Before You Paint: Recursive Latent Reasoning for Diffusion Models

Diffusion models generate realistic images but often fail on visual reasoning tasks, such as filling in a Sudoku or drawing the path through a maze. When a discrete symbolic representation is available, recursive methods such as the Tiny Recursive Model (TRM) solve even hard instances of these puzzles. We ask how such...

Pawe{\l} Skier\'s, Ma{\l}gorzata Grzanka, Wojciech Masarczyk et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LiveMACE: Process-Aware Evaluation of LLM Agent Capabilities in Evolving Markets

Evaluating agents by outcomes alone can obscure the capabilities that produce them. This problem is especially pronounced in evolving environments, where outcomes reflect a closed-loop interaction between agent behavior and changing external conditions. We introduce LiveMACEBench, a process-aware benchmark that uses li...

Jun Zhao, Leiming Fu, Yanbo Wen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Self-Evolve With a Reference:Anchored Training of Tool-Integrated Agents

Self-evolving tool-integrated agents learn from tasks and feedback generated within their own training loop. A Curriculum Agent generates tasks, while an Executor Agent learns from self-consistency signals through reinforcement learning. However, relying solely on the current Executor for feedback has two limitations:...

Wenjie Liao, Liangjie Zhao, Zehong Cao · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

SkillForge: Co-Evolving Skills and Agents via Dynamic Skill Lifecycles

Memory-augmented reinforcement learning strengthens LLM agents'ability to solve complex long-horizon tasks. Skills are one such form of memory, pairing instructions with an applicability condition over task types. However, retaining every skill indiscriminately as the policy improves lets obsolete or harmful entries ac...

Yuyao Ge, Yi-Wei Wang, Yu-Chen He et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

From Expert-Guided Proof Search to Automated Open-Problem Solving

Large language models are increasingly contributing to mathematical research, where progress often depends on efficient proof search, incremental improvements and careful verification. We describe Bolzano, a multi-agent open-source system that uses parallel prover agents with a verifier agent and maintains a human-read...

Adri\'an Z\'ame\v{c}n\'ik, Mat\v{e}j Kripner, Martin Kouteck\'y et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Tale of Two Error Categories: Exploring Concealed Trade-Offs in the Errors of Automated Judges in Evaluation of Uncertainty Quantifiers

The wide adoption of LLMs across broad NLG applications heightens the importance of providing users with the means to avert errors and hallucinations. Uncertainty quantification is poised to fill that gap; with low uncertainty (high confidence), as a proxy for correctness, allowing users to be selective (e.g., reject l...

Evgenia Ilia, Wilker Aziz · 0 citations

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 29, 2026

Who we become when we talk to machines

Professor Sherry Turkle’s new book, “Artificial Intimacy,” offers a withering critique of chatbots and the antisocial dynamics she believes they encourage.

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