Higher-order Representation and Information Learning (HRIL), which constructs an empirical cross-moment tensor over modality embeddings to represent multi-way interactions and employs Tucker decomposition to obtain a core tensor, complemented by a synergy-aware regularizer that prevents energy concentration and preserv...
Qun Dai, Liang-Jian Wen, Jiang Duan et al.· 0 citations
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) often struggle to identify and use geometric relations in diagrams. Recent methods address this challenge by converting geometric entities, relations, and constraints into explicit textual representations for the model to reason over. However, effective formalization is highly n...
Jia-Lu Wang, Rui-Chen Zhang, Xia-Oou Liu et al.· 0 citations
Agents are deployed in applications from trip planners and stock trading to IT incident triage. In most cases, LLM agents work autonomously with minimal rule-based safeguarding, leading to cost and safety issues from irreversible actions. Recent works resolve this either by using a safeguard agent to monitor behavior o...
Babak Barazandeh, C. Swanson, Chinmay Kulkarni et al.· 0 citations
Intelligent grading and automated scoring technologies constitute critical infrastructure for smart education. However, existing document parsing and handwriting recognition benchmarks are predominantly designed for well-structured printed documents or isolated mathematical expressions, lacking datasets that capture th...
Xiazhen Wu, Wansong Qin, Yangbin Zheng et al.· 0 citations
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Large language models increasingly justify legal decisions by naming the statute or precedent behind a verdict, treated as evidence that the decision follows from it. We test this directly: holding case facts fixed, we substitute the named legal authority for an unrelated one and decode a model's evolving verdict from...
Saisab Sadhu, Shreeyans Arora, Pratinav Seth· Proceedings of the Natural L...· 0 citations
When retrieved evidence contradicts an agent's prior beliefs, does it revise its answer, acknowledge uncertainty, or persist with an incorrect conclusion? Existing evaluations of agentic systems focus primarily on task success, offering limited insight into how agents handle such conflicts. We propose to evaluate agent...
Kaiser Sun, Bernal Jiménez Gutiérrez, Hong-Jun Liu et al.· 0 citations
Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) adapts pretrained large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, but the required concepts can receive substantially different levels of pretrained support. Frequent concepts are more likely to be well learned, whereas rare concepts may remain weakly represented. We introduce a novel not...
Haohui Wang, Jiahao Xu, Wangzhi Zhan et al.· 0 citations
Adversarial games have driven advances from heuristic search to reinforcement learning, yet learning and adapting strategies from limited samples remain challenging. AI agents offer an alternative by turning game experience into revisions of executable policies. Building on heuristic learning (HL), we formalize Adversa...
Kai-Sen Yang, Qing-Le Liu, Ke-Jin Wang et al.· 0 citations
Do LLM scientific agents rely only on their initial task context, or do they adapt their decisions in response to experimental feedback? We study this question in neural operator adaptation, where a large language model (LLM) selects fine-tuning configurations under a limited trial budget. Across transfers within and b...
Large language model compliance systems are deployed on the assumption that a verdict depends on the regulatory rule it is given. We test this directly across five models and 20 regulatory and platform-policy domains: delete, swap, or negate the governing rule while holding the case fixed, and check whether the verdict...
Learning and problem solving depend critically on the structure of internal representations. While many modern data-driven artificial systems achieve strong predictive performance, their learned representations often lack explicit structure for expressing abstraction, invariance, and task-relevant regularities. We prop...
Understanding large language model (LLM) reasoning requires looking beyond behavioral performance to examine how reasoning ability is reflected in internal organization. Inspired by neuroscience findings linking higher intelligence to stronger small-world organization in functional brain networks, we investigate small-...
Zheng Huang, Sansheng Cao, En-Pei Zhang et al.· 0 citations