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artificial intelligence

13,701 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Handle with CARE: Can LLMs Reproduce How Online Communities React?

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as proxies for computational social analysis, yet faithfully representing the "thick descriptions" (Geertz, 1973) of human communities remains a critical challenge. Current evaluations often reduce social identity to static labels, sidelining how real-world groups navi...

Nuan Wen, Chanbin Lim, Xuezhe Ma · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Relative-Computability Theory of Self-Improving Agents

Agents increasingly modify the procedures by which they solve tasks and improve themselves. Autonomy over improvement, gains in practical capability, and enlargement of computational reach are distinct properties. We develop an oracle-relative model with mutable solvers, evaluators, and improvers. Uniform simulation ke...

Chien-Ping Lu · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Brain alignment of reasoning and action representations from vision-language and action models during naturalistic gameplay

Understanding how humans and artificial intelligence systems predict and plan by interacting with their environment is a fundamental challenge at the intersection of neuroscience and machine learning. Most brain-encoding studies focus on aligning artificial models with brain activity during language comprehension or pa...

Subba Reddy Oota, Anant Khandelwal, Khushbu Pahwa et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Constrained latent state modeling: A unifying perspective on representation learning under competing constraints

Learning latent representations from temporal, multimodal, and partially observed data requires specifying what information a latent state should retain, discard, and organize. Existing approaches encode these requirements through heterogeneous objectives, making methods difficult to compare and learned representations...

Gwenol\'e Quellec · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Few Steps Further: Why Defenses Against Malicious Finetuning Erode Under Continued Training

Model providers increasingly release the weights of large language models. Although these models are safety-aligned before release, their safeguards can often be removed by fine-tuning on harmful data. A growing class of defenses aims to make alignment robust to such malicious fine-tuning, but these defenses are typica...

Itay Zloczower, Eyal Lenga, Gilad Gressel et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Steering Without Breaking: Mechanistically Informed Interventions for Discrete Diffusion Language Models

Discrete diffusion language models (DLMs) generate text by iteratively denoising all positions in parallel, offering an alternative to autoregressive models. Controlled generation methods for DLMs, imported from autoregressive models, apply uniform intervention at every denoising step. We show this uniform schedule is...

Hanhan Zhou, Shamik Roy, Rashmi Gangadharaiah · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

APCD: Adaptive Path-Contrastive Decoding for Reliable Large Language Model Generation

Reliable text generation is critical for deploying large language models (LLMs) in real-world applications, particularly in high-stakes domains such as medicine. To improve factual reliability, various inference-time methods have been proposed, including logit-level methods that modify token probability distributions a...

Tianyu Zheng, Hong Wu, Jiaji Zhong · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

TAVIS: A Benchmark for Egocentric Active Vision and Anticipatory Gaze in Imitation Learning

Active vision -- where a policy controls its own gaze during manipulation -- has emerged as a key capability for imitation learning, with multiple independent systems demonstrating its benefits in the past year. Yet there is no shared benchmark to compare approaches or quantify what active vision contributes, on which...

Giacomo Spigler · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The Metagame of Interpretability and Meta-Attributions

How can an arbitrary attribution method be generalized from first principles to capture interactions? We answer this with the metagame, a conceptual framework for quantifying second-order interaction effects of model explanations. We cast the attribution value $\phi_i$ of feature $i$ as a cooperative game among the oth...

Hubert Baniecki, Przemyslaw Biecek, Fabian Fumagalli · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RamanBench: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Machine Learning on Raman Spectroscopy

Machine Learning (ML) has transformed many scientific fields, yet key applications still lack standardized benchmarks. Raman spectroscopy, a widely used technique for non-invasive molecular analysis, is one such field where progress is limited by fragmented datasets, inconsistent evaluation, and models that fail to cap...

Mario Koddenbrock, Christoph Lange, Robin Legner et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

From Packets to Patterns: Interpreting Encrypted Network Traffic as Longitudinal Behavioral Signals

Human behavior is difficult to observe continuously at scale, yet it leaves measurable traces in everyday device use. We test whether encrypted smartphone network traffic---a ubiquitous, always-on, passive sensing modality---can passively capture behavioral patterns related to sleep, stress, and loneliness. We model sh...

Rameen Mahmood, Omar El Shahawy, Souptik Barua et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Linking Behaviour and Perception to Evaluate Meaningful Human Control over Partially Automated Driving

Partial driving automation creates a tension: drivers remain legally responsible while being less active in control. Meaningful human control (MHC), a normative framework that can potentially address this tension, proposes that automated systems are designed to track relevant human reasons and that humans should at all...

Ashwin George, Lucas Elbert Suryana, Lorenzo Flipse et al. · 0 citations

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 29, 2026

Who we become when we talk to machines

Professor Sherry Turkle’s new book, “Artificial Intimacy,” offers a withering critique of chatbots and the antisocial dynamics she believes they encourage.

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