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artificial intelligence

14,158 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

HANS: A Handwritten Answer Sheet Dataset for Noisy Hybrid Document Parsing

Intelligent grading and automated scoring technologies constitute critical infrastructure for smart education. However, existing document parsing and handwriting recognition benchmarks are predominantly designed for well-structured printed documents or isolated mathematical expressions, lacking datasets that capture th...

Xiazhen Wu, Wansong Qin, Yangbin Zheng et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Cited but Not Consulted: A Counterfactual Audit of Legal Chain-of-Thought Faithfulness

Large language models increasingly justify legal decisions by naming the statute or precedent behind a verdict, treated as evidence that the decision follows from it. We test this directly: holding case facts fixed, we substitute the named legal authority for an unrelated one and decode a model's evolving verdict from...

Saisab Sadhu, Shreeyans Arora, Pratinav Seth · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Accurate but Not Humble: Evaluating Epistemic Humility in LLM Agents under Knowledge Conflict

When retrieved evidence contradicts an agent's prior beliefs, does it revise its answer, acknowledge uncertainty, or persist with an incorrect conclusion? Existing evaluations of agentic systems focus primarily on task success, offering limited insight into how agents handle such conflicts. We propose to evaluate agent...

Kaiser Sun, Bernal Jimenez Gutierrez, Hongjun Liu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Overcoming Prior Barriers: Supervised Fine-Tuning under Long-Tail Distribution

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) adapts pretrained large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, but the required concepts can receive substantially different levels of pretrained support. Frequent concepts are more likely to be well learned, whereas rare concepts may remain weakly represented. We introduce a novel not...

Haohui Wang, Jiahao Xu, Wangzhi Zhan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Can AI Agents Learn Their Way to the Top? Evaluating Heuristic Learning in a Long-Running Game Agent Competition

Adversarial games have driven advances from heuristic search to reinforcement learning, yet learning and adapting strategies from limited samples remain challenging. AI agents offer an alternative by turning game experience into revisions of executable policies. Building on heuristic learning (HL), we formalize Adversa...

Kaisen Yang, Qingle Liu, Kejin Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Prior or Feedback? What an LLM Uses When Adapting Neural Operators

Do LLM scientific agents rely only on their initial task context, or do they adapt their decisions in response to experimental feedback? We study this question in neural operator adaptation, where a large language model (LLM) selects fine-tuning configurations under a limited trial budget. Across transfers within and b...

Julian Chan, Javier Mora Jimenez · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Verdict Without the Rule: Diagnosing and Auditing Regulatory Rule Sensitivity in LLM Compliance Systems

Large language model compliance systems are deployed on the assumption that a verdict depends on the regulatory rule it is given. We test this directly across five models and 20 regulatory and platform-policy domains: delete, swap, or negate the governing rule while holding the case fixed, and check whether the verdict...

Saisab Sadhu, Aadit Sengupta, Vinay kumar Sankarapu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Structural Theory of Cognitive Representation and Problem Solving,Contexts, Invariance, and the Knowledge Space

Learning and problem solving depend critically on the structure of internal representations. While many modern data-driven artificial systems achieve strong predictive performance, their learned representations often lack explicit structure for expressing abstraction, invariance, and task-relevant regularities. We prop...

Antal Jakov\'ac, Andr\'as Telcs · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Looking Inside LLMs: Small-World Connectivity as a Signature of Reasoning Performance

Understanding large language model (LLM) reasoning requires looking beyond behavioral performance to examine how reasoning ability is reflected in internal organization. Inspired by neuroscience findings linking higher intelligence to stronger small-world organization in functional brain networks, we investigate small-...

Zheng Huang, Sansheng Cao, En-Pei Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Learning Probabilistic Logic Programs with Functional Gradient Guided Language Models

Declarative logic programs offer a powerful and interpretable abstraction for encoding relational structure and neurosymbolic reasoning, by expressing dependencies as weighted compositional rules. However, inducing them from data remains fundamentally hard, bottlenecked by the combinatorial explosion of symbolic search...

Saurabh Mathur, Sahil Sidheekh, Bhavan Vasu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

One Word Opens the Gate: The Option-Channel Attack on Typed Decision Models as Agent Guardrails

A typed decision model reads a piece of text and returns a probability over caller-defined options, each with a short written definition, generating no text. Recent work places these models in agent systems as guardrails: the component that reads a proposed tool call or incoming message and decides whether to allow it....

Seyedarmin Azizi, Erfan Baghaei Potraghloo, Massoud Pedram · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When Has a Bayesian Neural Network Sampled Enough? Adaptive Inference Time with Statistical Guarantees

Bayesian neural network predictions are commonly approximated using a fixed number of Monte Carlo samples per input, without controlling the resulting error that comes from this finite sample. We propose the use of confidence sequences to dynamically determine how many samples are needed while maintaining statistical g...

Fabian Denoodt, Sibylle Hess · 0 citations

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 29, 2026

Who we become when we talk to machines

Professor Sherry Turkle’s new book, “Artificial Intimacy,” offers a withering critique of chatbots and the antisocial dynamics she believes they encourage.

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