A theoretical framework for training and evaluating parallel and semi-autoregressive drafters by representing speculative decoding as a Markov reward process, which yields the Expected Decoding Rounds (EDR) objective, which weights local rejection costs by state occupancies and exactly equals the expected number of dec...
Recent advances in multimodal foundation models have made them capable generalist physical agents for a range of manipulation tasks. However, successful operation in an unfamiliar environment may require an agent to seek task-relevant information through interaction when it is absent from the observations: it may need...
Liu Renhang, Navonil Majumder, Tej Deep Pala et al.· 0 citations
Evaluating eight MLLMs reveals substantial gaps in generating UI code that satisfies implementation requirements, alongside distinct performance profiles in inference and realization, and shows that MLLMs'visual reconstruction ability does not necessarily imply an ability to generate code that meets these requirements.
Cheng-Wei Shi, Yun-Nong Chen, Ting-Ting Zhou et al.· 0 citations
Text-to-music systems produce increasingly convincing audio, yet evaluation reveals little about whether the result matches user intent. A global text-audio relevance score can overlook the implicit intent in underspecified prompts and mask failures in specific requirements, such as instrumentation, structure, rhythm,...
Ze-Kai Liu, Zhi-Lin Wang, Xu-Zheng He et al.· 0 citations
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Fine-tuning-as-a-service enables users to adapt aligned large language models (LLMs) to specialized tasks, but malicious fine-tuning can erode refusal behavior while preserving task performance on legitimate inputs. We revisit recent layer-wise safety diagnostics and find that safety sensitivity is signed: scaling diff...
Hui Zhang, Ya-Chao Yuan, Jia-Yu Wang et al.· 0 citations
Pretrained models for cell and nuclear instance segmentation differ substantially in architecture, pretraining data and objectives, parameter count, inference strategy, adaptation requirements, postprocessing pipeline, and computational demand. Large pretrained and foundation models are increasingly adopted because of...
Multiphysics continuum models are powerful tools for studying electrochemical devices, enabling in silico reactor design and resolution of local pH, potential, and concentration fields that govern device performance but are difficult to measure experimentally. However, constructing such models requires substantial nume...
Sebastian Castro, Maya Schuchert, Spencer A. McCluskey et al.· 0 citations
Emerging computer hardware often trades reliability for energy efficiency; here we show that large-language models (LLMs) can be trained to tolerate this unreliability, and that rather than degrading, their error resilience actually increases as they grow. Modified neural scaling laws inferred from 40,000 GPU-hours of...
T. McCourt, I. Fiete, Isaac L. Chuang· 0 citations
We study whether latent sequence compression of prompt prefixes preserves the capabilities that large language models rely on during inference. We introduce SemanticFold, a compression scheme that folds prefix hidden states at learned boundaries, and evaluate it across five model scales: Qwen3-1.7B, Qwen3-8B, SmolLM2-1...
Dense self-expression matrices and full-affinity spectral clustering limit the scalability of subspace clustering. We introduce the Latent Orthogonal Optimization Model for Subspace Clustering (LoomSC), a framework that addresses both bottlenecks through projector factorization and exact spectral reduction. Motivated b...
Nairouz Mrabah, Youssef Melki, Mohamed Bouguessa et al.· 0 citations
Quantum libraries are now critical infrastructure for quantum algorithm development, yet their correctness remains difficult to test. Existing testing techniques mainly rely on failure-based or comparison-based oracles, exposing bugs only when executions fail, violate runtime checks, or disagree with another implementa...
Yujin Song, Kaining Zhang, Qixin Zhang et al.· 0 citations
We study minimum-variance control of an unknown autoregressive system with exogenous inputs and coefficients that change at unknown times. Under bounded independent disturbances, fixed detection gaps, stability and feasibility conditions, and sufficient time between changes, we prove \(O((C+1)\log((T+1)/\delta))\) regr...
Machine-learning networks can learn without detailed instructions from a designer. Those that do may offer insight into how the brain reorganizes itself during learning.