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artificial intelligence

14,515 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

BioStudyBench: Evaluating Agents on Post-Cutoff Biomedical Studies

We evaluate whether AI agents can match the reported findings of published biomedical studies using public data. Existing evaluations do not consistently separate analysis from prior knowledge or retrieval of the published answer. We introduce BioStudyBench, a benchmark of 25 long-horizon analysis tasks drawn from stud...

David Li, Shaamil Karim, Christian Gensbigler · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

VALSE: Vertical Adaptive Layer Skipping for Efficient Inference in Large Language Models

This paper establishes a theoretical framework for vertical adaptive layer skipping, proving three foundational results: (i) an Expected FLOPs formula (theorem 2) giving a closed-form expression for the computational cost of arbitrary per-sample skip schedules as a function of layer-wise skip probabilities; (ii) functi...

Jia-Dong Zhang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Scalar IoU: Structured Verification from Rollout Groups for Video Temporal Grounding

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) provides a natural framework for adapting pretrained models to video temporal grounding, where generated temporal intervals can be scored directly against ground truth intervals. Yet existing overlap verifiers typically score each rollout independently, leaving the...

Youngjae Cho, Won Young Jhoo, Jongsuk Kim · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

LSC-DPO: Learning-Signal-Controlled Direct Preference Optimization

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has become a standard reward-model-free approach for aligning language models with preference data. However, as the scaled preference margin grows during training, the logistic DPO loss becomes progressively less sensitive to further changes. We study DPO from a loss-level geometric...

Ya-Di Qu, Yu-Sheng Han, Cheng-Jia Feng et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Representation Bias, Correction Transfer, and Resolution Sensitivity in Three-Dimensional Mitochondrial Morphometry

Quantitative imaging pipelines can produce precise but systematically different measurements of the same object. We present an empirical reliability assessment of three-dimensional mitochondrial morphometry that connects representation bias, a controlled processing intervention, correction transfer, and resolution sens...

Farouk Ganiyu Adewumi, Timothy Oladunni · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Cooperating with Future Collaborators: Multi-Agent RL under Staggered Participation

In cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), agents are often trained under concurrent participation, while in many tasks some agents act earlier and leave task-relevant information that becomes useful to agents participating later. We study this setting as staggered participation (SP), which introduces a...

Jianglin Qiao, Siyi Hu, Thien Hoang Nguyen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Unanimously Wrong: Certified Abstention from How Medical LLM Consensus Forms

In clinical practice, agreement among independent experts is treated as evidence of reliability, and multi-round consensus has become a core mechanism of agentic medical question-answering systems. When such a system must decide whether to trust its own answer, the prevailing signal is again agreement, now among the sa...

Xiaoyang Wang, Tianrui Wang, Christopher C. Yang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Navigating Route Latent Space for Synthesizable Molecular Design

Goal-directed molecular design has advanced rapidly, yet a substantial proportion of designed molecules remain difficult to synthesize in practice, limiting their real-world utility. Prior synthesizability-aware methods either project generated molecules back to synthesizable analogs that deviate from the intended targ...

Tao Li, Tuan Vinh, Monika Raj et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Decoupled Multi-Agent Orchestration

Learned orchestration can automatically construct effective language-model multi-agent systems, but existing approaches couple planning to fixed worker pools and train decomposition and collaboration from the same terminal outcome, limiting transfer and obscuring credit assignment. We introduce DeOrch, which separates...

Xin-Le Wu, Yao Lu · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Systematic Investigation of Bias in Large Language Models for Advertising Relevance

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to judge how well an advertisement matches a query, but the fairness of these judgments has received limited attention. We conduct a systematic study of fairness in relevance judgments made by LLMs for queries and advertisements. Our counterfactual framework examines t...

Weiwei Wang, Yinchuan Xu, Jialu Gao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Grounding What Shapes the Plan: Rethinking Groundedness for Physical Intelligence in Autonomous Driving

Driving models increasingly ground reasoning in causal relations, spatial structure, perceptual evidence, and predicted futures. These advances make reasoning more faithful to the driving scene, but leave a fundamental question unresolved: what should groundedness mean when the model ultimately outputs an action? Corre...

Minkyoung Cho, Ze-Wei Zhou, Wen-Hao Ding et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

From Local Evidence to Safety Verdicts: Causal Tracing in Vision-Language Models

A vision-language model may need to combine an image with a prompt to recognize a safety risk that neither reveals alone. Where does this joint safety judgment become accessible inside the model? We introduce SSU-Bench, a dataset of matched safe and unsafe image-text combinations constructed using single-item prompt ed...

Faezeh Dehghan Tarzjani, Mevan Wijewardena, A. Romanus et al. · 0 citations

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 29, 2026

Who we become when we talk to machines

Professor Sherry Turkle’s new book, “Artificial Intimacy,” offers a withering critique of chatbots and the antisocial dynamics she believes they encourage.

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