Preprint
Sep 2026
Beyond Patch Removal: Persistent Adversarial Effects in Vision-Language-Action Policies
Adversarial patches to Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies can cause both immediate action corruption and persistent state effects that remain after the patch is removed. Existing evaluations largely focus on continuous attacks and do not separate these two effects. We introduce a state-restoration protocol that remo...
Enjia Wu, Fu-Sen Guo, Yu-Xin Cao et al.
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