Brefeldin A, an effector of Ascochyta medicaginicola, mediates virulence.
Alfalfa spring black stem, caused by Ascochyta medicaginicola, severely affects global alfalfa production. This study isolates and identifies brefeldin A (BFA) from pathogen fermentation products and demonstrates its strong phytotoxicity. BFA inhibits leaf photosynthesis and seed germination in a dose-dependent manner...