Hydroclimatic Variability and Water Balance Instability in Semi-Arid Steppe Ecosystems Under Climate Warming
This study investigates hydroclimatic variability and water balance dynamics in the Akmola region during 2003–2023 using observations from 16 meteorological stations. The study evaluates changes in air temperature, precipitation, reference evapotranspiration (ET0), climatic water balance, and drought conditions. Refere...