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Zefan Cai

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#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Universal Test-Time Training

Recent Test-Time Training (TTT) architectures compress context into fast weights that are updated online and queried as memory. Existing TTT designs keep this memory private to each layer: it recurs only over time, and depth merely indexes L separate memories. We argue that memory ownership need not be tied to depth, a...

Ze-Fan Cai, Qin-Zhe Hu, Ziqiao Ma et al. · 1 citation
Jul 2026

Multi-Head Attention Residuals

Multi-Head Attention Residuals (MHAR) is introduced: the routing query is reshaped into H per-subspace heads, each with its own softmax over the depth history, and a direct probe of the trained queries confirms that learned subspace disagreement is the underlying driver.

Cheng Luo, Zefan Cai, Jun-Jie Hu · 1 citation

Test-Time Training with Next-Token Prediction

Test-Time Training with Next-Token Prediction (TTT-NTP), a drop-in fast-weight adaptation method for pretrained LLMs that instead supervises updates using the model's own next contextual hidden state, while preserving commonsense and knowledge performance.

Xuan Ouyang, Zefan Cai, Junjie Hu · 0 citations
Jul 2026

Chimera: Designing and Chinchilla-Scaling Hybrid Visual Diffusion Transformers

Chimera, a hybrid visual diffusion backbone with a principled scaling recipe that combines Kimi Delta Attention for long-context state tracking with O(N) complexity, interleaved Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) for direct global interaction, and modality-aware short convolutions for local spatiotemporal context is int...

Chongjian Ge, Hanwen Jiang, Tianyu Wang et al. · 2 citations

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