Chrysin-loaded casein nanoparticles protect against chlorfenapyr-induced renal injury through modulation of Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB, and mitochondrial bioenergetics.
BACKGROUND Chlorfenapyr (CFP) is a pesticide that induces nephrotoxicity through oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis. Casein nanoparticles may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of chrysin (CY). OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the protective effects of free CY and chrysin-loaded case...