Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell wall (SC), a fermentation by-product rich in β-glucans, mannans, and mannoproteins, was evaluated as a sustainable microbial-derived prebiotic for Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, and Levilactobacillus brevis. FTIR confirmed the characteristic structure of SC. Its effects on probiotic functionality were assessed through growth kinetics, biomass production, antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzymatic, and organic acid analyses, using MRS and inulin as controls. SC significantly enhanced biomass production, with the highest yield obtained for L. paracasei in 10% SC (5.85 g), compared with 3.75 g in MRS. L. rhamnosus showed superior antimicrobial activity in SC supplemented medium and inhibited Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (up to 4 mm), while L. paracasei exhibited 76.06% DPPH scavenging activity. L. rhamnosus showed the highest lipase (5.80 U/mL) and lactic acid (11.80 g/L) production, whereas L. brevis produced the highest acetic (0.56 g/L) and butyric acids (0.0050 g/L). These findings demonstrated that SC is a promising sustainable microbial-derived prebiotic for synbiotic fermentation and valorization of industrial yeast by-products.
Pervin Soyer, Melisa Ayhan, Emine İrdem et al.· International Journal of Foo...· 0 citations
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE
Letrozole (LTZ)-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) were formulated with Eudragit® RS100 to investigate their potential as a preliminary drug delivery system for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS
Nanoparticles were prepared using the spray-drying technique with a Büchi B-90 Nano Spray Dryer and characterized in terms of morphology, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, drug loading efficiency, thermal and structural characteristics, in vitro release behavior, and preliminary cytotoxicity.
RESULTS
SEM analysis demonstrated the formation of predominantly spherical particles with relatively smooth surfaces. The prepared nanoparticles exhibited initial particle sizes ranging between 253 nm and 425 nm, with PDI values of 0.3-0.4 and positive zeta potential values between 36 and 48 mV. Encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and drug loading (DL%) values were determined as 47.9%-56.9% and 9.1%-18.6%, respectively. Thermal and structural analyses indicated the molecular dispersion of LTZ within the polymeric matrix. In vitro release studies conducted at pH 7.4 demonstrated an initial burst release, followed by a sustained drug release profile over 24 h, with cumulative drug release reaching almost 80%. The preliminary cytotoxicity of the formulations was evaluated using the methylthiazolyl-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and healthy human dermal fibroblast (BJ) cell lines. Free LTZ demonstrated an IC50 value of 142.76 µg/mL against HepG2 cells, whereas the optimized nanoparticle formulation exhibited an IC50 value higher than 121.85 µg/mL.
DISCUSSION
The obtained results confirmed the successful development of LTZ-loaded polymeric nanoparticles with suitable physicochemical properties, efficient drug encapsulation, and sustained release behavior. The positive surface charge and nanoscale size may support formulation stability. Furthermore, the nanoparticles preserved the cytotoxic activity of LTZ, indicating their potential as an effective drug delivery system.
CONCLUSION
Overall, the findings suggest that the developed nanoparticles constitute a promising drug delivery system for further investigation in HCC-related therapy. However, additional mechanistic studies and in vivo evaluations are required to comprehensively assess their true therapeutic potential.
Muhammet Ali Polat, Kadir Aykaç, Z. Cantürk et al.· Current pharmaceutical desig...· 0 citations
We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads.
See our Cookie Policy.
