Betaine attenuates methamphetamine-induced reinstatement through CAMKK2-AMPK signaling in the nucleus Accumbens Core.
Methamphetamine (MA) use disorder represents a major global public health concern, yet effective pharmacological treatments remain unavailable. Betaine has previously been shown to ameliorate MA-induced depression, cognitive deficits, and behavioral sensitization, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for...