Development and Validation of a Multi-Source Data-Fused Empirical TEC Model for North America with a Winter Anomaly Correction
Existing global ionospheric models have limited capability in representing the winter anomaly over North America. This study develops a North American Ionospheric TEC Empirical Model (NAI-TECEM) based on multi-source TEC data fusion. GPS-TEC, CODE-GIM, IRI2020, Jason-TEC, and COSMIC-TEC data from 2010 to 2021 were inte...