Open access
Sep 2026
Hypoxia-conditioned mesenchymal stem cell secretome for anal sphincter injury: A preclinical study of tissue repair and regenerative outcomes
Fecal incontinence may arise following anal sphincter injury, yet currently available treatments have limited capacity to restore sphincter integrity. The secretome derived from hypoxia-conditioned mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents a potential cell-free regenerative therapy because of its putative immunomodulato...
Leecarlo Millano Lumban Gaol, B. A. Wijaya, Y. Firmansyah et al.
· Narra J · 0 citations