From black-box prediction to transparent insight: the status quo and paradigm shift of explainable artificial intelligence in hepatocellular carcinoma research
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with high global incidence and mortality, whose significant heterogeneity and poor prognosis pose severe clinical challenges. While artificial intelligence (AI) shows potential in HCC imaging, pathology, and prognosis, its “black-box” nature limits clinical adoption. Expla...