Mesoscopic Damage Evolution of Water-Bearing Mudstone Under Low-Strain-Rate Cyclic Dynamic Loading: A Particle-Flow Simulation Study
Groundwater-related weakening and repeated low-strain-rate disturbances can jointly affect the long-term stability of soft surrounding rock. In this study, a PFC3D model was developed by combining a cumulative residual-strain damage variable with a Weibull statistical damage variable. Water effects were represented ind...