The phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau: current evidence, mechanistic insights, and future therapeutic perspectives
C. nutans demonstrates significant medicinal potential, and future research priorities should include bioactivity-guided isolation of novel metabolites, validated in vivo mechanistic studies, pharmacokinetic and metabolomic profiling, and the implementation of standardized Phase I/II clinical trials and veterinary evaluations to support its further development and application.