The multiple antimicrobial mechanisms mediated by microbial siderophores and their application prospects.
Siderophores are low-molecular-weight (<1500 Da) chelaters secreted by microorganisms under iron-limiting and bind ferric ions (Fe³⁺) with high affinity, supporting iron homeostasis, competition, and pathogenicity regulation. They are sythesized through the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and the NRPS-independen...