High-pressure variable-temperature sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy for in situ molecular probing of gas-hydrate formation at aqueous interface.
Here, we describe a high-pressure, variable-temperature sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFVS) apparatus designed for in situ, surface-specific measurements of aqueous interfaces during gas-hydrate formation. The apparatus integrates an ultra-clean gas-handling system, a sealed optical chamber with controlled pr...