Mitochondrial homeostasis in musculoskeletal diseases: from pathogenic mechanisms to precision therapies.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), including osteoporosis (OP), osteoarthritis (OA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), represent a stubborn burden in modern medicine. They share a breakdown in mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction serves as a central pathogenic mechanism unifying these conditions and driving...