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Yu-Lei Qin

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Preprint Aug 2026

Start Classifying: Categorical Critics for LLM Reinforcement Learning

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) for large language models typically trains its critic by mean-squared-error (MSE) regression on scalar value targets. Although scalar MSE is statistically valid for estimating the conditional expected return, sparse binary rewards in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLV...

Zhi-Jian Zhou, Long Li, Xuan Zhang et al. · 2 citations · ⚡2

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