Astaxanthin–Turmeric–Honeysuckle Extract Combination Attenuates DSS-Induced Colitis with Preservation of the Epithelial Barrier and Reduced NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD Signaling
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by recurrent mucosal inflammation, epithelial barrier disruption, and dysregulated cell death, highlighting the need for safe, multi-target interventions. Natural astaxanthin, renewably sourced from Haematococcus pluvialis or Phaffia rhodozyma, has shown greater tissue accumu...